WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru

<strong>WHO</strong> <strong>monographs</strong> on selected medicinal plants
Radioactive residues
Where applicable, consult the <strong>WHO</strong> guidelines for assessing quality of
herbal medicines with reference to contaminants and residues (11).
Chemical assays
Contains not less than 0.2% of total alkaloids determined by gravimetric
method (1).
Major chemical constituents
The major characteristic constituents are steroidal lactones collectively
known as “withanolides” including withaferin A, 27-deoxywithaferin A,
withanolide D, withanosides I–XI, and withasomniferols A–C. Alkaloids
constitute the other major group of compounds found in this plant
material. Among the alkaloids found in the root are anaferine, anahygrine,
cuscohygrine, dl-isopelletierine, 3-tropyltigloate, tropane-3--ol, 3-tigloyl-oxy-tropane
and tropine. Also present are saponins including
sitoindosides VII–X (5, 8, 14). The structures of withaferin A, withanolide
D, withasomniferol A, cuscohygrine and dl-isopelletierine are
presented below.
O
CH 3
R1 H
H 3 C
CH 3
H
H
O
CH 3
O
R2
O
CH 3
OH H O
O
H 3 C
CH 3
H
H
CH 3
OH
H
O
OH
H
H
H
Withaferin A
Withanolide D
R1 = H R2 = OH
R1 = OH R2 = H
H H
H
HO O
H
Withasomniferol A
O
H H NH O
N
N
and enantiomer
CH
CH 3
CH 3
3
H
Cuscohygrine
Isopelletierine
Medicinal uses
Uses supported by clinical data
As an antistress agent to improve reaction time (15).
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