WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru

<strong>WHO</strong> <strong>monographs</strong> on selected medicinal plants
Anti-inflammatory activity
A methanol extract of the fruit inhibited cyclooxygenase 2 activity in
lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse macrophages RAW264.7 by > 80% at
a concentration of 10.0 μg/ml in vitro (27).
Diuretic activity
An aqueous extract of the fruit was dissolved in physiological saline and
administered by gavage to rats to determine its diuretic effects. When administered
at an intragastric dose of 5.0 g/kg bw, the extract induced diuresis,
and was slightly more effective than furosemide. The sodium, potassium
and chloride ion concentrations in the urine of animals treated
with the extract were also increased. Addition of the extract to the bath
medium for strips of isolated guinea-pig ileum induced contractile activity
of guinea-pig ileum (28).
A dried ether extract of the fruit induced diuresis and increased creatinine
clearance in anaesthetized dogs; however no further details of this
study were available (6).
Hepatoprotective activity
Addition of the tribulusamides A and B, lignanamides isolated from a
70% ethanol extract of the fruit, to a medium containing primary cultured
mouse hepatocytes at a concentration of 20 μM significantly
(p < 0.05) prevented D-galactosamine/tumour necrosis factor alphainduced
cytotoxicity (14).
Stimulation of melanocyte proliferation
An aqueous fruit extract was tested in an assay using sulforhodamine B
protein stain for cell number to determine if the extract was capable of
stimulating melanocyte proliferation, and could be useful for the treatment
of vitiligo. Significant stimulation (p < 0.05) of melanocyte proliferation
was observed, in the absence of tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate, using
aqueous extracts of the fruit at concentrations of 0.01–1 mg/ml (29).
Reproductive effects
The effect of an extract of the fruit on the isolated corpus cavernosal tissue
of New Zealand white rabbits was studied. Twenty-four rabbits were
randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups of six animals each.
Group 1 served as control. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with an oral
dose of the extract at doses of 2.5 mg/kg bw, 5.0 mg/kg bw and 10.0 mg/
kg bw, respectively, for 8 weeks. After killing the rabbits, the penile tissue
was isolated and evaluated by the response to both contracting and relaxing
pharmacological agents and electrical field stimulation. The relaxant
responses to electrical field stimulation, acetylcholine and nitroglycerin in
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