WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru

<strong>WHO</strong> <strong>monographs</strong> on selected medicinal plants
Major chemical constituents
The major constituents of the fruit are steroidal saponins including gitonin,
protodioscin (0.245%, tribulosaponins A and B, tribulosin and terrestrosins
A–K, among others. Other constituents include alkaloids, tribulusamides
A and B, and trace amounts of harman and norharman; and flavonols such
as kaempferol, quercetin and rutin (5, 14, 15). The structures of the major
chemical constituents are presented below.
H 3 C
OH
HO
OH
O O
OH
O
Rha O
Rha
H
CH 3
CH 3 H
H H
Protodioscin
H 3 C
H
O H
H
H 3 C
O
Glc
Glc =
HO
OH
O
OH
-D-glucopyranosyl
HO O
Rha = CH 3
OH
R O O
OH
R'
O
Rha
CH 3
CH 3 H
H H
H H
Tribulosaponin A
Tribulosaponin B
H
O H
H
H 3 C
O
Glc
R = H, R' = O-Rha
R = O-Glc, R' = H
OH OH
-L-rhamnopyranosyl
O
Xyl = OH
HO
OH
-D-xylopyranosyl
H
H 3 C
CH 3
OH
OH
CH 3
H
H
CH 3
H
H
O
H
O
Xyl
HO
O
O
O
OH
O O
H
H
Tribulosin
O
O
Xyl
Rha
Tribulusamide A X = H 2
Tribulusamide B
HO
H
N
X = O
O
OCH 3
O
O
H
H
N
H
OCH 3
OH
X
OH
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