WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru

<strong>WHO</strong> <strong>monographs</strong> on selected medicinal plants
Radioactive residues
Where applicable, consult the <strong>WHO</strong> guidelines for assessing quality of
herbal medicines with reference to contaminants and residues (12).
Chemical assays
Not less than 1.5% of total salicylate derivatives expressed as salicin by
high-performance liquid chromatography (4).
Major chemical constituents
The major biologically active constituents are the phenolic glycosides including
salicin (approximately 1%), salicortin (up to 4.0%), 2´-Oacetylsalicortin
(up to 10%), 2´-O-acetylsalicin (= fragilin, up to 4%), tremulacin
(0.12–2%), 3´- and 4´-acetylsalicortin, populin and salireposide, which
have collectively been designated as “salicylates” (6). Triandrin, vimalin, picein
and grandidentatin are non-saligenin structure-based phenolic compounds.
Other significant constituents are flavonoids and tannins (1, 5, 6).
Total salicin content (after hydrolysis) varies according to species.
Species rich in total salicin include S. daphnoides (2–10%), S. purpurea
(4–8.5%), S. fragilis (2–10%) and S. alba (0.5–1%) (1, 6).
The structures of salicin, salicortin, 2´-O-acetylsalicortin and 6´-Oacetylsalicin
(= fragilin) are presented below.
R
O
HO
OH
O O
OH
OH
Salicin R = H
Fragilin R = CO-CH 3
HO
HO
OH
O O
O
R
HO
O *
O O
and epimer at C*
Salicortin
R=H
2'-O-Acetylsalicortin
R = CO-CH 3
Medicinal uses
Uses supported by clinical data
Used orally for the symptomatic treatment of fever and pain, and symptomatic
treatment of mild rheumatic conditions (14–20).
Uses described in pharmacopoeias and well established documents
Used orally for the treatment of the common cold (1).
Uses described in traditional medicine
Used orally for the treatment of constipation and urinary incontinence.
Used externally for the treatment of warts (5).
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