WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru

Cortex Phellodendron
flammatory cytokine, interleukin-8, in rectal mucosal cells in vitro at a
concentration of 10 −5 M (41). Treatment of a human oesophageal squamous
cell carcinoma cell line (YES-2) with berberine (8.0–32.0 μM) for 24 hours
reduced the expression of messenger ribonucleic acid for the inflammatory
cytokine, interleukin-6 (42).
Antimicrobial and antitrypanosomal activities
A hot aqueous extract of the crude drug inhibited the growth of Escherichia
coli and Staphylococcus aureus (43); Streptococcus mutans (44); Candida
albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis (45). Berberine inhibited the
growth of Helicobacter pylori in vitro. The median inhibitory concentration
ranged from 0.625–40.00 μg/ml (46, 47). Berberine also inhibited the
growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium smegmatis, with a
minimum inhibitory concentration of 25.0–50.0 μg/ml (48, 49). Berberine
inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella enteritidis in vitro
at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively (50). Berberine
also inhibited the growth of Clostridium perfringens in vitro
(150.0 μg/ml), and at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml significantly inhibited
the growth of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas
vaginalis and induced morphological changes in the parasites (p < 0.001)
(51). At a concentration of 250.0 μg/ml, a methanol extract of the crude
drug inhibited the growth of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro (52).
Antiulcer activity
Intragastric administration of a berberine-free fraction of a bark extract
(at a dose of 1.0 g/kg bw) reduced ulcer formation in rodents (15). The
fraction significantly inhibited the formation of ulcers induced by ethanol
or aspirin, and of pylorus-ligated ulcer in rats, as well as that of stress ulcer
in restrained and water-immersed mice (p < 0.05). In addition, secretion
of gastric acid in pylorus-ligated rats was significantly reduced by the
fraction when administered subcutaneously or intraduodenally, but not
when it was administered orally (15).
Subcutaneous administration of the same berberine-free fraction to
rats at a dose of 20.0 mg/kg bw prevented ethanol-induced ulcers and
those induced by pylorus-ligation (15). In rats, a hot aqueous extract of
the crude drug (dose 100.0 mg/kg bw) inhibited gastric secretion induced
by administration of pentagastrin (53).
Effects on smooth muscle
Berberine, at a concentration of 1.0 μM, induced relaxation of norepinephrine-precontracted
isolated rat aorta (54). At a concentration of 10 −5 M,
berberine induced relaxation in isolated precontracted rat mesenteric ar-
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