WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru

WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru

20.01.2015 Views

ong>WHOong> ong>monographsong> on selected medicinal plants Nursing mothers Due to a lack of safety data, use of the crude drug during breastfeeding is not recommended. Paediatric use Due to a lack of safety data, use of the crude drug in children under the age of 12 years is not recommended. Other precautions No information was found. Dosage forms Crude drug, extracts, tinctures and capsules. Posology (Unless otherwise indicated) Oral dose: 3–9 g daily in divided doses (2). References 1. The United States Pharmacopeia. 29. Rockville, MD, United States Pharmacopeia Convention, 2005. 2. Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. Vol. I (English ed.). Beijing, Chemical Industry Press, 2005. 3. Farmacopea homeopática de los estados unidos mexicanos [Homeopathic pharmacopoeia of the United States of Mexico]. Mexico City, Secretaría de Salud, Comisión Permanente de la Farmacopea de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, 1998 [in Spanish]. 4. Smith AC. Araliaceae. In: North American flora. Vol. 28B. New York, New York Botanical Garden, 1944:3–41. 5. Farnsworth NR, ed. NAPRALERT database. Chicago, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL (an online database available directly through the University of Illinois at Chicago or through the Scientific and Technical Network [STN] of Chemical Abstracts Services), 30 June 2005. 6. Awang DVC. The neglected ginsenosides of North American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L.). Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 2000, 7:103–109. 7. Bensky D, Gamble A. Chinese herbal medicine: materia medica. Rev. ed. Seattle, WA, Eastland Press, 1993. 8. Najera MT, Spegazzini ED. Standardisation des drogues végétales. Micrographie analytique de Panax ginseng Meyer et Panax quinquefolium L. Plantes médicinales et phytothérapie, 1987, 21:297–304 [in French]. 9. Ngan F et al. Molecular authentication of Panax species. Phytochemistry, 1999, 50:787–791. 240

Radix Panacis Quinquefolii 10. Dou DQ, Hou WB, Chen YJ. Studies on the characteristic constituents of Chinese ginseng and American ginseng. Planta Medica, 1998, 64:585–586. 11. Chan TWD et al. Differentiation and authentication of Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and ginseng products by using HPLC/MS. Analytical Chemistry, 2000, 72:1281–1287. 12. Li WK, Fitzloff JF. HPLC analysis of ginsenosides in the roots of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) with in-line photodiode array and evaporative light scattering detection. Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies, 2002, 25:29–41. 13. ong>WHOong> guidelines for assessing quality of herbal medicines with reference to contaminants and residues. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007. 14. European Pharmacopoeia, 5th ed. Strasbourg, Directorate for the Quality of Medicines of the Council of Europe (EDQM), 2005. 15. Guidelines for predicting dietary intake of pesticide residues, 2nd rev. ed. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1997 (ong>WHOong>/FSF/FOS/97.7). 16. Assinewe VA et al. Phytochemistry of wild populations of Panax quinquefolius L. (North American ginseng). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003, 57:4549–4553. 17. Oshima Y, Sato K, Hikino H. Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of quinquefolans A, B, and C, glycans of Panax quinquefolium roots. Journal of Natural Products, 1987, 50:188–190. 18. Sievenpiper JL et al. Variable effects of American ginseng: a batch of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) with a depressed ginsenoside profile does not affect postprandial glycemia. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2003, 57:243–248. 19. Vuksan V et al. American ginseng improves glycemia in individuals with normal glucose tolerance: effect of dose and time escalation. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2000, 19:738–744. 20. Vuksan V et al. Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2000, 23:1221–1226. 21. Vuksan V et al. American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Archives of Internal Medicine, 2000, 160:1009–1013. 22. Vuksan V et al. American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L.) attenuates postprandial glycemia in a time-dependent but not dose-dependent manner in healthy individuals. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2001, 73:753–758. 23. Awang DVC. The anti-stress potential of North American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L.). Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 1998, 6:87–91. 24. Assinewe VA et al. Extractable polysaccharides of Panax quinquefolius L. (North American ginseng) root stimulate TNFalpha production by alveolar macrophages. Phytomedicine, 2002, 9:398–404. 25. Kitts DD, Wijewickreme AN, Hu C. Antioxidant properties of a North American ginseng extract. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2000, 203:1–10. 241

Radix Panacis Quinquefolii<br />

10. Dou DQ, Hou WB, Chen YJ. Studies <strong>on</strong> the characteristic c<strong>on</strong>stituents of<br />

Chinese ginseng and American ginseng. Planta Medica, 1998, 64:585–586.<br />

11. Chan TWD et al. Differentiati<strong>on</strong> and authenticati<strong>on</strong> of Panax ginseng, Panax<br />

quinquefolius, and ginseng products by using HPLC/MS. Analytical Chemistry,<br />

2000, 72:1281–1287.<br />

12. Li WK, Fitzloff JF. HPLC analysis of ginsenosides in the roots of Asian ginseng<br />

(Panax ginseng) and North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)<br />

with in-line photodiode array and evaporative light scattering detecti<strong>on</strong>. Journal<br />

of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies, 2002, 25:29–41.<br />

13. <str<strong>on</strong>g>WHO</str<strong>on</strong>g> guidelines for assessing quality of herbal medicines with reference to<br />

c<strong>on</strong>taminants and residues. Geneva, World Health Organizati<strong>on</strong>, 2007.<br />

14. European Pharmacopoeia, 5th ed. Strasbourg, Directorate for the Quality of<br />

Medicines of the Council of Europe (EDQM), 2005.<br />

15. Guidelines for predicting dietary intake of pesticide residues, 2nd rev. ed. Geneva,<br />

World Health Organizati<strong>on</strong>, 1997 (<str<strong>on</strong>g>WHO</str<strong>on</strong>g>/FSF/FOS/97.7).<br />

16. Assinewe VA et al. Phytochemistry of wild populati<strong>on</strong>s of Panax quinquefolius<br />

L. (North American ginseng). Journal of Agricultural and Food<br />

Chemistry, 2003, 57:4549–4553.<br />

17. Oshima Y, Sato K, Hikino H. Isolati<strong>on</strong> and hypoglycemic activity of quinquefolans<br />

A, B, and C, glycans of Panax quinquefolium roots. Journal of<br />

Natural Products, 1987, 50:188–190.<br />

18. Sievenpiper JL et al. Variable effects of American ginseng: a batch of American<br />

ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) with a depressed ginsenoside profile<br />

does not affect postprandial glycemia. European Journal of Clinical Nutriti<strong>on</strong>,<br />

2003, 57:243–248.<br />

19. Vuksan V et al. American ginseng improves glycemia in individuals with normal<br />

glucose tolerance: effect of dose and time escalati<strong>on</strong>. Journal of the<br />

American College of Nutriti<strong>on</strong>, 2000, 19:738–744.<br />

20. Vuksan V et al. Similar postprandial glycemic reducti<strong>on</strong>s with escalati<strong>on</strong> of<br />

dose and administrati<strong>on</strong> time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes<br />

Care, 2000, 23:1221–1226.<br />

21. Vuksan V et al. American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L) reduces postprandial<br />

glycemia in n<strong>on</strong>diabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.<br />

Archives of Internal Medicine, 2000, 160:1009–1013.<br />

22. Vuksan V et al. American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L.) attenuates postprandial<br />

glycemia in a time-dependent but not dose-dependent manner in<br />

healthy individuals. American Journal of Clinical Nutriti<strong>on</strong>, 2001, 73:753–758.<br />

23. Awang DVC. The anti-stress potential of North American ginseng ( Panax<br />

quinquefolius L.). Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 1998, 6:87–91.<br />

24. Assinewe VA et al. Extractable polysaccharides of Panax quinquefolius L.<br />

(North American ginseng) root stimulate TNFalpha producti<strong>on</strong> by alveolar<br />

macrophages. Phytomedicine, 2002, 9:398–404.<br />

25. Kitts DD, Wijewickreme AN, Hu C. Antioxidant properties of a North<br />

American ginseng extract. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2000,<br />

203:1–10.<br />

241

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