WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru

Radix Panacis Quinquefolii
water as a placebo in a similar fashion. A two-phase formalin test was
performed in both groups. Although there was no difference between
groups in the first phase, mice treated with the extract spent significantly
less time in licking and biting of the injured paws in the second phase,
indicating analgesic effects (39).
The pseudoginsenoside-F11, an ocotillol-type saponin isolated from the
roots has been shown to have antagonistic actions on morphine-induced
behavioural changes in mice. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 antagonizes morphine-induced
intracellular production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate
(cAMP) and antagonizes morphine-induced decreases in dopamine levels
in the limbic area of rat. The antagonistic effects of pseudoginsenoside-F11
on methamphetamine-induced behavioural and neurochemical toxicities
were studied in mice. Methamphetamine was administered intraperitoneally
at a dose of 10.0 mg/kg bw four times at 2-hourly intervals, and pseudoginsenoside-F11
was orally administered at doses of 4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg bw
twice at 4-hourly intervals, 60 min prior to methamphetamine administration.
The results showed that pseudoginsenoside-F11 ameliorated the anxiety-like
behaviour induced by methamphetamine in the light–dark box
task, but the change was not statistically significant. In the forced swimming
task, pseudoginsenoside-F11 also shortened the prolonged immobility
time induced by methamphetamine. In the appetitive-motivated T-maze
task, pseudoginsenoside-F11 greatly shortened methamphetamine-induced
prolonged latency and decreased the error counts. Similar results were also
observed in the Morris water maze task, where administration of pseudoginsenoside-F11
shortened the escape latency prolonged by methamphetamine.
There were significant decreases in the contents of dopamine,
3,4-dihydroxyphenacetic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoacetic
acid in the brain of methamphetamine-treated mice (40).
Memory effects
The effect of an alcohol extract of the roots on memory was assessed in
the scopolamine-induced memory and performance deficits in a spatial
learning task. Long-term oral administration of the extract protected
against scopolamine-induced amnesia and increased choline uptake in
synaptosomal preparations. Treatment with the extract did not alter brain
concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine, 5-HT (serotonin), 3,4-hydroxyphenylacetic
acid or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. The extract weakly
inhibited the activity of monoamine oxidase in vitro (41). Ginsenoside
Rb1, a saponin of the crude drug was found to exert beneficial effects on
memory and learning, putatively through its actions on the cholinergic
system. In situ hybridization studies show that ginsenoside Rb1 increases
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