WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru

Fructus Myrtilli
rats. The study demonstrated that anthocyanins from the crude drug are
effective in preventing the increase in capillary filtration and the failure of
lymphatic uptake of interstitial albumin in diabetic animals (30).
The effects of an extract of the crude drug containing anthocyanosides
on ischaemia reperfusion injury were investigated in the hamster
cheek pouch microcirculation. Ischaemia was induced by clamping the
cheek pouch for 30 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion. The microvasculature
was visualized by a fluorescence technique. The extract was
administered orally at a dose of 100.0 mg/kg bw for 2 and 4 weeks. The
outcomes measured were the number of leukocytes adhering to venular
vessel walls, the perfused capillary length, the increase in permeability
and the changes in arteriolar diameter. Ischaemia and reperfusion were
associated with an increased number of leukocytes sticking to venules, a
decreased number of perfused capillaries and increased permeability.
Administration of the extract decreased the number of leukocytes sticking
to the venular wall and preserved the capillary perfusion; the increase
in permeability was significantly reduced after reperfusion. Administration
of the extract preserved the arteriolar tone and induced the appearance
of rhythmic changes in the diameter of arterioles, indicating that the
extract reduced microvascular impairments due to ischaemia reperfusion
injury, with preservation of endothelium, attenuation of leukocyte adhesion
and improvement of capillary perfusion (31).
The effects of anthocyanins from the crude drug on arteriolar vasomotion
were assessed in cheek pouch microcirculation of anaesthetized hamsters
and in skeletal muscle microvasculature of unanaesthetized hamster
skin fold window preparation. Intravenously injected anthocyanins induced
vasomotion in cheek pouch arterioles and terminal arterioles with
higher frequency in smaller vessels. In the arteriolar networks of skeletal
muscle, anthocyanins increased vasomotion frequency and amplitude in
all orders of vessel. The results indicate that anthocyanins are effective in
promoting and enhancing changes in arteriolar rhythmic diameter that
play a role in the redistribution of microvascular blood flow and interstitial
fluid formation (32).
Clinical pharmacology
Cataracts and glaucoma
In one randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving
50 patients with mild senile cortical cataracts, a standardized extract of the
crude drug containing 25% anthocyanosides was administered at a dose
of 180.0 mg twice daily together with vitamin E, in the form of dl-tocopheryl
acetate (100 mg twice daily) or placebo for 4 months. The treatment
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