WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru

<strong>WHO</strong> <strong>monographs</strong> on selected medicinal plants
Pharmacology
Experimental pharmacology
Anti-inflammatory activity
An extract of the fruit containing 25% anthocyanidins had vasoprotective
and anti-oedema (anti-inflammatory) activities in experimental animals
(21). In rabbits, chloroform-induced skin capillary permeability was reduced
after intraperitoneal administration of the extract at a dose of 25.0–
100.0 mg/kg body weight (bw) or intragastric administration at a dose of
200.0–400.0 mg/kg bw of anthocyanosides. The anti-inflammatory effect
of the extract lasted longer than that of the comparison treatments rutin
or mepyramine. Intragastric administration of the anthocyanins to rats, at
a dose of 25.0 to 100.0 mg/kg bw was effective treatment both in the skin
capillary permeability test and on vascular resistance of animals fed a vitamin
P-deficient diet. In both the animal models (rats and rabbits), the
anthocyanins were twice as effective as the flavonoid, rutin. Furthermore,
intragastric administration of the anthocyanins (dose not stated) inhibited
carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats after intravenous injection or
topical application (21).
Antioxidant activity
An aqueous extract of the fruit inhibited copper-induced oxidation of human
low-density lipoprotein in vitro. Results were obtained by measurement
of oxidative resistance as determined by the lag-phase preceding
conjugated diene formation; quantification of the amount of lipoperoxides,
as well as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances generated, and
measurement of the modification in the net negative electrical charge of
the lipoproteins, over a 7-hour time course experiment. Trace amounts of
the extract, at concentrations of 15 to 20 μg/ml induced statistically significant
changes in the oxidation behaviour of low-density lipoprotein,
which included: prolongation of the lag-phase of conjugated diene production
(p < 0.01); reduction in the formation of lipoperoxides and of
thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances up to 7 hours and especially between
1 and 5 hours (p < 0.01); and inhibition of modification in the net
negative charge of low-density lipoprotein. These results demonstrate
that the extract exerts potent protective action on low-density lipoprotein
particles during in vitro copper-mediated oxidation (22). An anthocyanin-containing
extract of the fruit inhibited lipid peroxidation and hydroxyl
radical formation with a median inhibitory concentration of
50.3 μg/ml in rat liver microsomes (p < 0.01). The extract also exhibited
superoxide scavenging activity (25.0 μg/ml, p < 0.01) (23). A study to
compare the concentration of phenolics and anthocyanins and the anti-
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