WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru

Fructus Myrtilli
Major chemical constituents
Besides the normal organic acids (3–7%; e.g. citric acid and malic acid),
phenolic acids and other phenols, the fruits contain up to 10% tannins
(mostly catechol tannins). The major characteristic and biologically
active constituents are flavonoids and anthocyanins. Examples of flavonol-O-glycosides
in fresh bilberry juice and fruit include quercetin-3-rhamnoside
(quercitrin), quercetin-3-glucoside (isoquercitrin),
quercetin-3-galactoside (hyperoside), and kaempferol-3-glucoside
(astragalin). More than 15 anthocyanins (totalling approximately
0.5%) have been identified as 3-arabinosides, 3-glucosides and 3-galactosides
of five anthocyanidins: cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin,
peonidin and petunidin, with cyanidin and delphinidin glycosides
accounting for 64% of the total anthocyanins (2, 3, 5, 10). Structures
of the 3-glucosides of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin and
petunidin are presented below.
HO
OH
Cl - 3
O +
O
Glc
R1
OH
R2
Cyanidin
Delphinidin
Malvidin
Peonidin
Petunidin
R1 = OH R2 = H
R1 = R2 = OH
R1 = R2 = OCH 3
R1 = OCH 3 R2 = H
R1 = OH R2 = OCH 3
3-monoglucosides
HO
O
Glc = OH
HO
OH
-D-glucopyranosyl
Medicinal uses
Uses supported by clinical data
Oral use for the symptomatic treatment of dysmenorrhoea associated
with premenstrual syndrome (11), circulatory disorders in patients with
capillary leakage or peripheral vascular insufficiency (12–16) and ophthalmic
disorders (17–19).
Uses described in pharmacopoeias and well established documents
Oral use for the treatment of acute diarrhoea and local irritation or inflammation
of the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat (20).
Uses described in traditional medicine
Treatment of capillary fragility, diarrhoea, eye disorders, haemorrhoids,
intestinal disorders, skin disorders and venous insufficiency. Also used as
a diuretic (2, 3).
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