WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru

<strong>WHO</strong> <strong>monographs</strong> on selected medicinal plants
periment 2). Dietary intake of powdered crude drug resulted in a consistent
decrease in serum glucose levels in rats fed cholesterol-free diets, but
not in those fed cholesterol-enriched diets, although no dose–response
was noted. The crude drug had no effect on serum lipid parameters, except
for high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, which were elevated,
indicating an anti-atherogenic activity. In addition, the crude drug caused
a marked reduction of hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride levels
both in the presence and absence of dietary cholesterol (44).
Antiviral activity
MAP30 (Momordica anti-HIV protein of 30 kDa), isolated from the plant
material, is capable of inhibiting infection of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) in
T lymphocytes and monocytes as well as replication of the virus in infected
cells. An investigation of the effect of MAP30 on HIV-1 integrase
suggests that the protein exhibits a dose-dependent inhibition of HIV-1
integrase. In the presence of 20 ng of viral substrate, 50 ng of target substrate,
and 4 μM integrase, total inhibition was achieved at equimolar concentrations
of the integrase and the antiviral proteins, with a median effective
concentration of 1 μM (45).
A protein (MRK29), isolated from the fruit and seed, inhibited HIV-1
reverse transcriptase by 50% at a concentration of 18 μg/ml. MRK29, at a
concentration of 0.175 μg/ml, reduced viral core protein, p24, expression
in HIV-infected cells by 82%. MRK29 also produced a 3-fold increase in
tumour necrosis factor activity (46).
Xenobiotic metabolism
The effects of a fruit juice (10 ml of 100% pure juice) on streptozotocininduced
diabetes on tissue-specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) and glutathione-dependent
xenobiotic metabolism was investigated in rats. Results
demonstrated that rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes exhibited an
increase (35–50%) in cytochrome P4504A-dependent lauric acid hydroxylation
in liver, kidney and brain. About a twofold increase in cytochrome
P4502E-dependent hepatic aniline hydroxylation and a 90–100% increase
in cytochrome P4501A-dependent ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase activities
in kidney and brain was also observed. A significant increase (80%,
p < 0.01) in aminopyrene N-demethylase activity was observed only in the
kidney of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, and a decrease was
observed in the liver and brain of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
A significant increase (77%) in NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation
(plasma lipid peroxidase) in kidney of diabetic rats was also observed.
A marked decrease (65%) in hepatic glutathione content and glutathione
S-transferase activity and an increase (about twofold) in brain glutathione
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