WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru
WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru
Folium Guavae Pharmacology Experimental pharmacology Analgesic activity Intragastric administration of 100.0, 200.0 or 400.0 mg/kg body weight (bw) of the essential oil of the leaves produced an antinociceptive effect in mice as assessed in the formalin test (29). A dose of 200.0 mg/kg bw of the essential oil to mice reduced pain as measured in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. One of the major constituents, -pinene, also showed an antinociceptive effect in the formalin test, and when administered intragastrically at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, a reduction of paw licking of 72% and 76%, respectively was observed. At a dose of 400.0 mg/kg bw, paw licking was reduced by 37% in the first (acute) phase and 81% in the second (chronic) phase (29). Antidiarrhoeal activity A decoction of the leaves inhibited Microlax-induced diarrhoea when administered by gastric lavage to rats at a dose of 10.0 ml/kg bw (30). Intragastric administration of a methanol extract of the leaves to mice at a dose of 200.0 mg/kg bw prevented castor oil-induced diarrhoea (31). Intragastric administration of an aqueous or methanol extract of the leaves to rats at a dose of 400.0 mg/kg bw prevented castor oil-induced diarrhoea, reduced gastric motility and prostaglandin E2-induced enteropooling (32). A dried 70% methanol extract of the leaves inhibited the electrically-induced peristaltic reflex of isolated guinea-pig ileum at a concentration of 100 g/ml (22). The main active constituent of the extract was quercetin 1.4 × 10 -5 (72.1%), with isoquercetin and hyperin being weakly active (22). Antihyperglycaemic activity Intragastric administration of a 50% ethanol extract of the leaves to rats, at a dose of 200.0 mg/kg bw, prevented alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia. A butanol fraction of the 50% ethanol extract reduced alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia in rats when administered at a dose of 25.0 mg/ kg bw by gastric lavage (33). Intragastric administration of a 50% ethanol extract to rats at a dose of 200.0 mg/kg bw did not stimulate insulin biosynthesis (33). Antiinflammatory and antipyretic activity Intragastric administration of 0.8 ml/kg bw of the leaf essential oil to rats reduced inflammation in the carrageenan-induced oedema of the hind paw test and the cotton pellet granuloma test (34). Intragastric administration of a dried methanol extract of the leaves to mice at a dose of 200.0 mg/kg bw reduced carrageenan-induced pedal oedema (31). Intra- 131
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<str<strong>on</strong>g>WHO</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>m<strong>on</strong>ographs</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>selected</strong> <strong>medicinal</strong> <strong>plants</strong><br />
principal m<strong>on</strong>oterpenes, and caryophyllene and -bisbolene are representative<br />
of the sesquiterpenes (16–24).<br />
St<strong>ru</strong>ctures of quercetin, guajaverin (= quercetin-3-O-arabinoside), ursolic<br />
oleanolic acids, ellagic acid, -pinene and caryophyllene are presented<br />
below.<br />
HO<br />
O<br />
OH<br />
OH<br />
Quercetin<br />
X=H<br />
Arap =<br />
HO<br />
OH<br />
O<br />
OH<br />
O<br />
O<br />
X<br />
Guajaverin<br />
X = Arap<br />
OH<br />
-L-arabinopyranosyl<br />
H 3 C<br />
CH 3<br />
CH 3 CH 3 H CO 2 H<br />
H<br />
H CH 3<br />
HO<br />
H<br />
CH<br />
Oleanolic acid<br />
H<br />
HO<br />
H<br />
H 3 C CH 3<br />
H<br />
H<br />
H 3 C<br />
CH 3 CH 3 H CO 2 H<br />
H CH 3<br />
CH 3<br />
Ursolic acid<br />
O<br />
CH 3<br />
O<br />
HO<br />
HO<br />
Ellagic acid<br />
O<br />
O<br />
OH<br />
OH<br />
H<br />
H<br />
CH 2<br />
H 3 C<br />
CH 3<br />
Caryophyllene<br />
H<br />
H 3 C<br />
H 3 C<br />
CH 3<br />
and enantiomer<br />
H<br />
-Pinene<br />
Medicinal uses<br />
Uses supported by clinical data<br />
Oral treatment of acute diarrhoea, gingivitis and rotaviral enteritis<br />
(25–28).<br />
Uses described in pharmacopoeias and well established documents<br />
No informati<strong>on</strong> was found.<br />
Uses described in traditi<strong>on</strong>al medicine<br />
Treatment of abdominal pain, bleeding gums, cough, gastritis, headache,<br />
ringworm, vaginitis, wounds and worms. Also used as an astringent, an<br />
antiemetic and an emmenagogue (4, 15).<br />
130
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