full issue - Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy
full issue - Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy
full issue - Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy
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Current Trends in <strong>Biotechnology</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />
Vol. 5 (3) 1282-1297 July 2011, ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online)<br />
1294<br />
Since its discovery by Waksman <strong>and</strong><br />
Woodruff in 1940, actinomycin was obtained<br />
from the culture media <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong><br />
actinomycetes species; Streptomyces,<br />
Actinoplanes <strong>and</strong> Micromonospora by various<br />
investigators <strong>and</strong> was isolated in crystalline form.<br />
Yet, this is the first time it was reported to be<br />
isolated from a Nocardioides sp not to mention,<br />
Nocardioides luteus.<br />
Cytotoxicity assay : Due to the broad spectrum<br />
<strong>of</strong> the activity <strong>of</strong> the culture filtrate extract <strong>and</strong><br />
its activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae,<br />
which is used as biological model to establish<br />
the cytotoxicity <strong>and</strong> cytostaticity <strong>of</strong> natural <strong>and</strong>/<br />
or synthetic chemical compounds (43,44) as well<br />
as our discovery that it belonged to actinomycins<br />
class, we carried out cytotoxicity tests against<br />
different human tumor cell lines to support the<br />
previous data. Knowing that antitumor<br />
antibiotics produced by actinomycetes are among<br />
the most important cancer chemotherapeutic<br />
agents including members <strong>of</strong> the anthracycline,<br />
bleomycin, actinomycin, mitomycin <strong>and</strong> aureolic<br />
acid families (45,46), we extended our scheme<br />
to test the antitumor activity <strong>of</strong> the extract<br />
produced by the experimental Nocardioides<br />
luteus. It showed significant antitumor activity<br />
against the tested human cancer cell lines<br />
surpassing doxorubicin’s activity in most cases.<br />
The IC 50<br />
<strong>of</strong> crude extract, semi-pure compound<br />
on different human tumor cell lines compared to<br />
doxorubicin is illustrated in Table 4.<br />
References<br />
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antibacterial discovery from actinomycetes.<br />
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4. Challis, G.L. <strong>and</strong> Hopwood, D.A. (2003).<br />
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25:14555-14561.<br />
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7. Kuster, E. <strong>and</strong> Williams, S.T. (1964).<br />
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8. El-Nakeeb, M.A. <strong>and</strong> Lechavalier, H.A.<br />
(1962). Selective isolation <strong>of</strong> aerobic<br />
actinomycetes. J Appl Microbiol. 2:75-77.<br />
9. Williams, S.T. <strong>and</strong> Wellington, E.M.H.<br />
(1982). Actinomycetes. In Page, A.L., et<br />
al. (eds.), Methods <strong>of</strong> soil analysis, Part 2,<br />
Chemical <strong>and</strong> Microbiological Properties<br />
(2nd edition), American Society <strong>of</strong><br />
Agronomy/Soil Science Society <strong>of</strong><br />
America, Madison, pp. 969-987.<br />
10. Pridham, T.G. <strong>and</strong> Lyons Jr., A.T. (1961).<br />
Streptomyces albus (Rossi Doria) Waksman<br />
<strong>and</strong> Henrici: Taxonomic study <strong>of</strong> strains<br />
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81:431-441.<br />
Studies on the production <strong>of</strong> actinomycin by Nocardioides luteus