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Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy Vol. 5 (3) 1273 -1281 July 2011, ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online) 1279 Decolorization to a large extent was observed at an acidic range of pH 4.0 to pH 5.0 but maximum decolorization of RB15 and RR4 was achieved at pH 5.0 (Fig.5). It has earlier been reported that the degradation of industrially important dyes by peroxidases from different sources operates to a maximum level in the buffers of acidic pH. The incubation period is an important parameter to study the extent of decolorization (12, 24). Time activity plot exhibited maximum decolorization at 90 min and 180min for RB15 and RR4 respectively (Fig.6). The decolorization profile was unaffected or slightly decreased over prolonged incubation upto 5h. It was also evident from the observation that RB15was decolorized to a greater extent within 30 min in the presence of only 1.0 mM HOBT, but decolorization rate was slow for RR4 under the same set of conditions. This data supports the earlier view that decolorization rate varies, depending upon the type of dye to be treated (27). The rate of decolorization of dye mixture was also studied which was slower in comparison to that of individual dyes both in the presence and absence of HOBT (data not shown). However, the HOBT mediated dye decolorization was more effective. This finding is consistent with the earlier observation that the biodegradation of various phenols in the form of mixtures was quite slow compared to the independent phenol (28). Several workers have demonstrated that the use of redox mediator system enhanced the rate of dye decolorization by several folds but these mediators were required in very high concentrations (29, 30). The salt fractionated peroxidase from T. dioica significantly catalyzed the decolorization/ degradation of reactive textile dyes. Decolorization enhanced remarkably in the presence of redox mediator HOBT which was effective at low concentration. Traditional wastewater treatment technologies have proven to be markedly ineffective for handling wastewater of synthetic textile dyes due to the chemical stability of these pollutants. Therefore, establishment of result oriented enzyme based cheap and ecofriendly techniques holds considerable promise. Thus, this study demonstrated that T. dioica peroxidase in its salt fractionated state can be coupled with low concentration of redox mediators to cause effective decolorization of synthetic and recalcitrant reactive dyes. Acknowledgement I am thankful to Mr. Tabish Qidwai and Mr. Prabhask K Pandey for their experimental contributions and to the Department of Science and Technology under the Ministry of Science and Technology for providing infrastructure support to the department of Biochemistry for carrying out this work. References 1. Pierce, J. (1994). Colour in textile effluents—the origins of the problem. J. Soc. Dyers Colour, 110: 131–134. 2. Kilic, NK, Nielson, JP, Yuce, M. and Donmez, G. (2007). Characterization of a simple bacterial consortium for effective treatment of wastewaters with reactive dyes and CrVI. Chemosphere, 67: 826–831. 3. Sumathi, S. and Manju, B.S. (2000). Uptake of reactive textile dyes by Aspergillus foetidus. Enzyme Microbial Technology, 27: 347–355. 4. Keharia, H. and Madamvar, D. (2003). Bioremediation concept for treatment of dye containing wastewater: a review. I J Exp Biology, 41:1068–1075. Simple approach to reactive dye decolorization
Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy Vol. 5 (3) 1273 -1281 July 2011, ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online) 1280 5. Joshi, M., Bansal, R. and Purwar, R.(2004). Colour removal from textile effluents. Ind. J Fibre Textile Research, 29: 239–259. 6. Santos, A.B., Cervantes, F.J. and Lier, J.B. (2007). Review paper on current technologies for decolourization of textile wastewaters: perspectives for anaerobic biotechnology. Bioresource Technology, 98: 2369–2385. 7. Hao, O.J., Kim, H. and Chiang, P.C. (2000). Decolourization of wastewater. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technology, 30: 449–505. 8. Robinson, T., McMullan, G., Marchant, R. and Nigam P. (2001). Remediation of dyes in textile effluent: a critical reviewon current treatment technologies with a proposed alternative 2001. Bioresource Technology, 77: 247–255. 9. Forgacs E, Cserhati, T.and Oros G. (2004). Removal of synthetic dyes from wastewaters: a review. Environment International, 30: 953–971. 10. Calcaterra, A., Galli, C. and Gentili, P. (2008). Phenolic compounds as likely natural mediators of laccase : A mechanistic assessment. J Mol Catal B: Enzymatic, 51:118-120. 11. Husain, M. and Husain, Q. (2008). Applications of redox mediators in the treatment of organic pollutants by using oxidoreductive enzymes. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technology, 38:1-42. 12. Akhtar, S., Khan, A.A. and Husain, Q. (2005). Partially purified bitter gourd Momordica charantia peroxidase catalyzed decolorization of textile and other industrially important dyes Bioresource Technology, 96:1804–1811. 13. Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with Folin–phenol reagent. J Biological Chemistry, 193: 265–275. 14. Jamal, F., Pandey, P.K. and Qidwai, T. (2010). Potential of Peroxidase Enzyme from Trichosanthes dioica to mediate Disperse Dye Decolorization in conjunction with Redox Mediators. J Mol Catal B: Enzymatic, 66:177-181. 15. Satar, R. and Husain, Q. (2009). Use of Bitter Gourd Momordica charantia peroxidase together with redox mediators to decolorize disperse dyes. Biotechnol Bioprocess Engineering, 14: 213–219. 16. Baiocco, P., Barreca, A. M., Fabbrini, Galli, M.C. and Gentili, P. (2003). Promoting laccase activity towards non-phenolic substrates: a mechanistic investigation with some laccase-mediator systems. Organic and Bimolecular Chemistry, 1:191–197. 17. Wada, S., Ichikawa, H. and Tatsumi, K. (1995). Removal of phenols and aromatic amines from wastewater by a combination treatment with tyrosinase and a coagulant. Biotechnol Bioengineering, 45: 304–309. 18. Tatsumi, K., Wada, S. and Ichikawa, H. (1996). Removal of chlorophenols from wastewater by immobilized horseradish peroxidase. Biotechnol Bioengineering, 51:126–130. 19. Husain, Q. and Jan, U. (2000). Detoxification of phenols and aromatic amines from polluted wastewater by using phenol oxidases. J Sci Ind Research, 59: 286–293. 20. Duran, N., Esposito, E. (2000). Potential applications of oxidative enzymes and phenoloxidase-like compounds in wastewater and soil treatment: a review. Farrukh Jamal
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(December 7-9, 2011) Venue: Karunya
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