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Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy Vol. 5 (3) 1362-1371 July 2011, ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online) 1369 Fig. 5. Effects of Chloroform and ethanol extracts of root of X. strumarium on total triglyceride and very low density lipids levels in triton- induced hyperlipidemic metabolic processes involving redox enzymes and bioenergetics electron transfer .Owing to the ROS overproduction and/or inadequate antioxidant defense, there is upsurge of ROS and this culminates in oxidative stress. It is quite interesting to note that plants have good antioxidant ability and are safer than the synthetic antioxidants . The antioxidant activity can be attributed to various mechanisms like prevention of chain initiation, binding of transition metal ion catalysts, decomposition of peroxides, reductive capacity, and radical scavenging activity (4). In the present study, five different antioxidant methods for evaluation of antioxidant activity have been used. Ethanol and chloroform extracts of X. Strumarium root produced significant antioxidant activity. This can be attributed to the flavonoids and other phytoconstituents present in the extracts, similar lipid lowering activity was also observed in the leaf extracts of A.marmelos which may be attributed to the phyto-chemical constituents present in it, such as flavonoids, saponins and phenolic ingredients as reported (15-16). Hyperlipidemia is one of the important risk factors involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases (17). Increase HDL levels and reduction in LDL shows the intensive conversion of LDL to HDL and clearance of circulating lipids. Total cholesterol/ HDL-C ratio of >4.5 is associated with increased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and the ideal ratio is
Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy Vol. 5 (3) 1362-1371 July 2011, ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online) 1370 Table 5. Effects of chloroform and ethanol extracts of root of X. strumarium on high density lipid levels in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats 6 hr 24 hr 48 hr and LDL lowering effect at 6, 24, and 48 h. This indicates that X. strumarium not only reduces the synthesis of cholesterol, but may also reduce its metabolism. The extracts were found to be enriched in flavonoids and phenolic compounds, it is reported that flavonoids are found to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase activity (18). It may be concluded that the cholesterol-lowering effect of X. Strumarium and root extracts may be due to inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity. Simvastatin being a specific HMG-CoA inhibitor produces its hypocholesterolemic activity by reducing cholesterol synthesis. Increase in triglyceride level was evident in control animals due to inhibition of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) by Triton. Treatment with ethanol and chloroform extracts of X. strumarium resulted in reduction of triglyceride levels. It is likely that treatment with X. strumarium might have lowered the serum triglyceride level by activating LPL. LPL is a prime enzyme related to triglyceride metabolism. Further VLDL levels were reduced significantly at 24 and 48 h. Both the extracts also showed protective action by increasing serum HDL level. The increased HDL facilitates the transport of triglyceride or cholesterol from serum to liver where it is catabolised and excreted out of the body. Significantly greater increase in HDL levels was produced by chloroform extract than ethanol extract. Conclusion The chloroform and ethanol extracts of X. strumarium Linn. have shown significant antioxidant activity. From the preliminary studies, it was found out that the chloroform and ethanol extracts of X. strumarium have shown promising anti-hyperlipidemic activity. The antihyperlipedimic may be due their significant antioxidant activity. References 1. Nasik, S.R. (2003). Antioxidant and their role in biological functions: An overview. Indian Drugs. 40:501-515. 2. Shetgiri, P.P. and D’Mello, P.M. (2003). Antioxidant activity of flavanoids-A comparative a study. Indian Drugs. 40:567-569. 3. Gopinathan, N., Srinivasan, K.K. and Mathew, J.E. (2004). Free radical scavenging properties of ethanol extract of Saccharum spotaneum. Indian Drugs. 41:633-635. 4. Gurpreet Kaur, Saqrwar, A.M., Zoobi, J., Kaleem, J and Mohemmad, A. (2006). In-vitro antioxidant and antilipidemic activities of Xanthium strumarium L.
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Page 175: (December 7-9, 2011) Venue: Karunya
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