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Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy Vol. 5 (3) 1325 -1337 July 2011, ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online) 1337 9. Leitao, A.L., Enguita, F.J., De la Fuente, J.L., Liras, P. and Martin, J.F. (1999). Inducing effect of diamines on transcription of the cephamycin C genes from the lat and pcbAB promoters in Nocardia lactamdurans. Journal of Bacteriology, 181(8): 2379-2384. 10. Kagliwal, L.D., Survase, S.A. and Singhal, R.S. (2009). A novel medium for the production of cephamycin C by Nocardia lactamdurans using solid-state fermentation. Bioresource Technology, 100: 2600-2606. 11. Gorman, M., Higgens, C.E. and Nagajarian, R. (1979). Antibiotic A 16886II. US Patent 4,132,790. 12. Omstead, D.R., Hunt, G.R. and Buckland, B.C. (1985). In: Moo-Young M. (ed.). Comprehensive Biotechnology: The principles, applications and regulations in industry, agriculture and medicine. Pergamon press, Oxford. 13. Park, S., Momose, I., Tsunoda, K. and Okabe, M. (1994). Enhancement of cephamycin C production using soybean oil as a sole carbon source. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 40: 773- 779. 14. Martin, J.F. and Demain, A.L. (1980). Control of antibiotic synthesis. Microbiological Reviews, 44: 230-251. 15. Aharonowitz, Y. and Demain, A.L. (1979). Nitrogen nutrition and regulation of cephalosporin production in Streptomyces clavuligerus. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 25: 61-67. 16. Brana, A.F., Wolfe, S. and Demain, A.L. (1985). Ammonium repression of cephalosporin production by Streptomyces clavuligerus. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 31: 736-743. 17. Khaoua, S., Lebrihi, A., Germain, P. and Lefebvre, G. (1991). Cephamycin C biosynthesis in Streptomyces cattleya: nitrogen source regulation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 35: 253- 257. 18. Hasegawa, T., Hatano, K., Fukase, H. and Iwasaki, H. (1977). 7-Methoxy cephalosporin derivatives. US Patent 4,017,485. 19. Kamogashira, T., Nishida, T., Nihno, M. and Takegata, S. (1982). Process for production of antibiotic cephamycin C. US Patent 4,322,891. 20. Sanchez, L. and Brana, A.F. (1996). Cell density influences antibiotic biosynthesis in Streptomyces clavuligerus. Microbiology, 142: 1209-1220. 21. Chimel, A., Brzeszczynska, A. and Kabza, B. (1986). Biosynthesis of cephamycin by resting cells of Streptomyces lactamdurans. Acta Microbiologica Polonica, 35: 251- 257. 22. Cover, W.H., Kirpekar, A.C., George, H. and Stieber, R.W. (1991). Calcium inhibition of efrotomycin production by Nocardia lactamdurans. Journal of Industrial Microbiology 7: 41-44. 23. Bussari, B., Survase, S.A., Saudagar, P.S. and Singhal, R.S. (2009). An integrated approach for production of cephamycin C using Streptomyces clavuligerus NT4: Sequential optimization of production medium and effect of amino acids. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy 3: 372-384 Sequential optimization of cephamycin C
Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy Vol. 5 (3) 1338-1345 July 2011, ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online) In-vitro Evaluation of Rat Small Intestine as a Gluconeogenic Organ During Fasting G . Gajalakshmi, V. Kowsalya and M. Chandrasekar* Department of Physiology, Meenakshi Medical College and Research Institute, Enathur Kancheepuram, India * For Correspondence - mchandru1959@hotmail.com 1338 Abstract The liver and kidneys maintain the blood glucose levels in periods of fasting, starvation, low-carbohydrate diets, or intense exercise by gluconeogenesis. The present study was designed to evaluate whether small intestine provides substrates for hepatic gluconeogenesis during fasting in an in-vitro model using rat everted sac technique. Healthy adult male albino Swiss rats were chosen for this study and divided into three groups consisting of control as well as 4 and 6 days of fasting animals respectively. The parameters studied were animal body weight, jejunal intestinal weight, and protein content of the jejunum, estimation of glucose, pyurvate and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Data were analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison. The significant level was fixed at p
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