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Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy Vol. 5 (3) 1309-1317 July 2011, ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online) 1315 References 1. Human Papillomavirus and Related Cancers in India. (2010). WHO/ICO Information Centre on HPV and Cervical Cancer (HPV Information Centre) Summary Report: 4-5 Fig. 6. Western blot analysis demonstrating specific reactivity of Pichia pastoris expressed HPV 16 L2 protein with anti-HPV 16L2 peptide (40-150 amino acids) monoclonal antibody showing protein band at approximately 55 KDa. Lane marked “GS” was loaded with non-recombinant Pichia pastoris strain GS115 cell lysate. investigations are required to ascertain these observations in Pichia pastoris. Conclusion The available HPV L1 Virus like particle based vaccines provide type specific protection against the HPV genotypes associated with the cervical cancer. Although there are reports of the VLP based vaccines to provide cross protection to the HPV types that are phylogenetically similar to the vaccine types, these are limited both in spectrum and levels of protection. Development of a vaccine offering cross protection to a wide variety of HPV types that cause cervical cancer remains a challenging task. Some investigators have reported that cross-reactive antigen derived from the minor capsid protein L2 may offer a possible alternative to multivalent L1 VLP vaccines for protection against infection with high-risk HPV types (25). A multimeric L2 peptides derived from different HPV types is under clinical evaluation (26). This work is a preliminary step towards exploring the utility of full length HPV L2 as prophylactic vaccine for cervical cancer. 2. Parkin, D.M., Louie, K.S. and Clifford, G. (2008). Burden and trends of type-specific human papillomavirus infections and related diseases in the Asia Pacific region. Vaccine. S26: M1-16. 3. Doorbar, J. (2005). The papillomavirus life cycle. J. Clin. Virol., 32 (Suppl 1):S7–S15. 4. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Human papillomaviruses. (2007). IARC: Lyon: IARC Press. 90: 179-327. 5. Burd, E.M.(2003). Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Clin.Microbiol. Rev., 16: 1-17 6. De Villier, E.M., Fauquet, C., Broker, T.R., Bernard, H.U. and zur Hausen, H.(2004). Classification of papillomaviruses. Virology. 324: 17–27 7. Harper, D.M., Franco, E.L., Wheeler, C., Ferris, D.G., Jenkins, D., Schuind, A., Zahaf, T., Innis, B., Naud, P., De Carvalho, N.S., Roteli-Martins, C.M., Teixeira, J., Blatter, M.M., Korn, A.P., Quint, W. and Dubin, G. (2004). Efficacy of a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine in prevention of infection with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in young women: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 364 (9447):1757- 65. 8. Hagensee, M.E., Yaegashi, N. and Galloway, D.A. (1993). Self-assembly of human papillomavirus type 1 capsids by expression of the L1 protein alone or by Expression of recombinant minor capsid protein of HPV in Pichia pastoris
Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy Vol. 5 (3) 1309-1317 July 2011, ISSN 0973-8916 (Print), 2230-7303 (Online) 1316 coexpression of the L1 and L2 capsid proteins. J. Virol., 67: 315–322 9. Villa LL. (2010). HPV prophylactic vaccination: The first years and what to expect from now. Cancer letters. 10. Fernandez- San Millan A, Ortogosa SM, Herras- Stubbs S Corral- Martinez P, Sequi- Simmaro JM, Gactan J, Coursaget P, Veramendi J. (2008). Human papillomavirus L1 protein expressed in tobacco chloroplasts self- assembles into virus-like particles that are highly immunogenic. Plant Biotechnol J. 6(5): 427-41 11. Bimelt S, Sonnewald U, Galmbachar P, Willmitzer L, Muller M . (2003) Production of human papillomaviruses type 16 viruslike particles in transgenic plants. J Virol. 77: 9211-9220. 12. Varsani A, Williamson AL, Rose RC, Jaffer M, Rybicki EP. (2003). Expression of human papillomavirus type 16 major capsid protein in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi. Arch Virol. 148: 1771-1786. 13. Nardelli-Haefliger D, Roden RB, Benyacoub J, Sahli R, Kraehenbuhl JP, Schiller JT, Lachat P, Potts A, De Grandi P. (1997). Human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles expressed in attenuated Salmonella typhimurium elicit mucosal and systemic neutralizing antibodies in mice. Infect Immun. 65(8):3328-36. 14. Zhou J, Sun XY, Stenzel DJ, Frazer IH. (1991). Expression of vaccinia recombinant HPV 16 L1 and L2 ORF proteins in epithelial cells is sufficient for assembly of HPV virion-like particles. Virology. 185(1):251-7 15. Roberts, J.N., Buck, C.B., Thompson, C.D., Kines, R. and Bernardo, M. (2007). Genital transmission of HPV in a mouse model is potentiated by nonoxynol-9 and inhibited by carrageenan. Nat. Med. 13(7): 857–861. 16. Holmgren, S.C., Patterson, N.A., Ozbun, M.A. and Lambert, P.F. (2005). The minor capsid protein L2 contributes to two steps in the human papillomavirus type 31 life cycle. J. Virol. 79(7): 3938–3948 17. Gambhira, R., S. Jagu, B. Karanam, P. E. Gravitt, T. D. Culp, N. D. Christensen. and R. B. S. Roden. (2007). Protection of rabbits against challenge with rabbit papillomaviruses by immunization with the N terminus of human papillomavirus type 16 minor capsid antigen L2. J. Virol. 81:11585–11592 18. Embers, M. E., L. R. Budgeon, M. Pickel. and N. D. Christensen. (2002). Protective immunity to rabbit oral and cutaneous papillomaviruses by immunization with short peptides of L2, the minor capsid protein. J. Virol. 76:9798–9805 19. Gaukroger, J. M., L. M. Chandrachud, B. W. O’Neil, G. J. Grindlay, G. Knowles. and M. S. Campo.(1996). Vaccination of cattle with bovine papillomavirus type 4 L2 elicits the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies. J. Gen. Virol. 77:1577–1583 20. Kawana, K., Yasugi, T., Kanda, T., Kino, N., Oda, K., Okada, S., Kawana, Y., Nei, T., Takada, T., Toyoshima, S., Tsuchiya, A., Kondo, K., Yoshikawa, H., Tsutsumi, O. and Taketani, Y. (2003). Safety and immunogenicity of a peptide containing the cross-neutralization epitope of HPV16 L2 administered nasally in healthy volunteers. Vaccine. 21: 4256–4260 Hanumantha Rao et al
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(December 7-9, 2011) Venue: Karunya
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