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CEDAW and the Law:
Socialization) pushes for the socialization of educational activities. It states that the orientation
relating to education and training must be to renew fundamentally the school fee regime. 438
Apart from the State’s support depending on the budget capability, school fees should be
enough to cover regular expenses including necessary teaching and learning expenses and
accumulations for investment in school development. 439 The Resolution on Socialization also
provides that the State will adopt policies to subsidize school fees or provide scholarships for
pupils of general education, learners who are policy beneficiaries or live in difficult areas, and
the poor and excellent learners whether their schools are public or non-public. 440
The objectives of the Resolution on Socialization include to: (a) shift most of public job
training, teaching establishments, and some of educational establishments that do not have
general education tasks to operate under the service provision mechanism; (b) transform all
semi-public establishments into people-founded or private ones; (c) ensure that children in
non-public nurseries and kindergartens account for 80 percent or 70 percent respectively; (d)
ensure that pupils in non-public senior secondary schools, intermediate professional schools
and vocational training establishments account for 40 percent, 30 percent and 60 percent
respectively; and (e) ensure that students in non-public universities and colleges account for
40 percent. 441
Article 12 of the Law on Education also mentions the socialization of the cause of
education: “To develop education and to build a learning society are the responsibilities of the
State and the entire population. The State plays the leading role in developing the cause of
education; diversify school types and educational forms; encourage, mobilize and create
conditions for organizations and individuals to take part in the development of education…”
Recommendation: It is suggested that the socialization of education be
monitored as to its impact on both sexes, including ensuring sex-disaggregated data
and gender analysis. Stipulating that scholarships and subsidies be proportionately
granted to women and girls is important to ensure their access to education.
Indicator 66
Is there legislation to ensure equal conditions of education; for
example, the same curricula, examinations, teaching staff,
facilities, and opportunities to participate in sports
206
The Law on Education states that learning is a right and obligation of citizens: “All
citizens regardless of their ethnicity, religion, belief, gender, family background, social status
or economic condition are equal in learning opportunities.” 442 It further states that the State will
create conditions for everyone to get access to education 443 . Aside from this, there is no
specific guarantee on equal conditions of education, such as the same curricula,
examinations, teaching staff and facilities. Many are quick to point out that, since the law does
not distinguish between a man and a woman, then no distinction as to education conditions
be made. However, in practice, girls may be taught more housekeeping skills while boys are
438
Resolution on Socialization, Paragraph III(1)(c)
439
Ibid.
440
Ibid.
441
Ibid., Paragraph III(1)(f)
442
Law on Education, Article 10
443
Ibid.
Review of key legal documents and compliance with CEDAW