CLIMATOLOGY And It's APPLICATION - RTC, Regional Training ...

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There are three main reasons for this: The surface of the Earth is not uniform or smooth. There is uneven heating due to land/water contrasts. The wind flow itself can become unstable and generate “eddies.” The sun doesn’t remain over the equator, but moves from 23.5 o N to 23.5 o S and back over the course of a year.
Global climate is the largest spatial scale. We are concerned with the global scale when we refer to the climate of the globe, its hemispheres, and differences between land and oceans. Energy input from the sun is largely responsible for our global climate. The solar gain is defined by the orbit of Earth around the sun and determines things like the length of seasons. The distribution of land and ocean is another import influence on the climatic characteristics of the Earth. Contrasting the climate of the Northern Hemisphere, which is approximately 39% land, with the Southern Hemisphere, which only has 19% land, demonstrates this. The yearly average temperature of the Northern Hemisphere is approximately 15.2°C, while that of the Southern Hemisphere is 13.3°C. The presence of the water reduces the annual average temperature. The land reduces the winter average temperature while increasing the average temperature during summer. As a result, the annual amplitude of the seasonal temperature is nearly twice as great for the Northern Hemisphere. The Northern Hemisphere has a large variation in the monthly mean temperature. The land absorbs and loses heat faster than the water. Over land, the heat is distributed over a thin layer, while conduction, convection and currents mix the energy over a fairly thick layer of water. Soil, and the air near it, therefore follows radiation gains more closely than water. For this reason, continental climates have a wider temperature variation
Page 1 and 2: CLIMATOLOGY And It’s APPLICATION
Page 3 and 4: Climate is defined as the collectiv
Page 5 and 6: Aim’s of climatology, is the obje
Page 7 and 8: CLIMATOLOGICAL DIVISION Spatial Sca
Page 9 and 10: As with the different scales of wea
Page 11 and 12: Paleoclimatology Determining past c
Page 13 and 14: The five basic climate controls are
Page 15 and 16: Atmospheric Circulation One way to
Page 17 and 18: 1. Tropical cell (Hadley cell) - Lo
Page 19: Pressure belts: The three-cell circ
Page 23 and 24: The Monthly Average Temperature The
Page 25 and 26: Large mountains influence regional
Page 27 and 28: World vegetation
Page 29 and 30: However, climate observations diffe
Page 31 and 32: 3. The details and history of local
Page 33 and 34: 6. Operation of historically‐unin
Page 35 and 36: 9. The conversion of research obser
Page 37: “PEACE AT HOME, PEACE IN THE WORL

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