National Project Implementation Plan - NVBDCP
National Project Implementation Plan - NVBDCP
National Project Implementation Plan - NVBDCP
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Chapter 1<br />
Situational analysis<br />
Introduction<br />
The Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are a cluster of infectious diseases<br />
transmitted by mosquitoes and other vectors. India’s population suffers<br />
from a significant disease burden from these diseases, in the form of<br />
morbidity and mortality from malaria, kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis),<br />
lymphatic Filariasis (LF), Japanese Encephalitis (JE), Chikungunya and<br />
Dengue. There are considerable variations in epidemiology of these vector<br />
borne diseases on account of ecology, vector bionomics, economic, sociocultural<br />
and behavioral factors. The high risk areas for VBD are generally<br />
rural, tribal and urban slums inhabited by the poor, marginalized and<br />
vulnerable groups with limited access to quality health care, communication<br />
and other basic amenities.<br />
The <strong>National</strong> Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (<strong>NVBDCP</strong>) is an<br />
umbrella programme for prevention & control of vector borne diseases and<br />
an integral part of the India’s <strong>National</strong> Rural Health Mission (NRHM). The<br />
<strong>National</strong> Health Policy (NHP) of 2002 has set goals for achieving reduction<br />
of mortality due to malaria, dengue and JE by 50% by the year 2010 along<br />
with efficient morbidity control; eliminating Kala-azar by the year 2010; and<br />
elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis by 2015.<br />
The <strong>NVBDCP</strong> envisages a well informed and self-sustained, healthy India<br />
free from vector borne diseases with equitable access to quality health care<br />
and the Programme activities are in tandem with the NHP and NRHM goals<br />
as well as the Millennium Development Goal of halting and reversing the<br />
incidence of malaria and other vector borne diseases by the year 2015<br />
towards reduction of poverty.<br />
The proposed World Bank supported project for malaria control and kalaazar<br />
elimination will be implemented within the overall policy and program<br />
framework of the <strong>NVBDCP</strong>. However, the project will focus on supporting<br />
efforts to prevent and control malaria and eliminate kala-azar from the<br />
most endemic districts. This approach makes World Bank support more<br />
strategic and better targeted as malaria contributes to highest morbidity<br />
and mortality rates among the VBDs while kala-azar is known to affect the<br />
poorest of the poor residing in inadequate and unhygienic housing<br />
conditions.<br />
1.1 Burden and distribution of Malaria and Kala-azar in India<br />
1.1 a. Malaria Situation<br />
Among the VBDs, malaria continues to pose a major public health threat.<br />
Malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) is particularly prone for<br />
complications including death, if not treated early. During the past few<br />
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