National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - W2agz.com

More documents

Recommendations

Info

3. Development of analytical procedures to aggregate modeling results into constraint areas for analysis; 4. Specification of sensitivity studies; and, 5. Collecting and aggregating modeling results to estimate congestion. 14 Base data The Eastern Interconnection study used 2008 and 2011 as the base years for evaluation. Input data for these two study years came from two primary sources. The majority of input data were taken directly from CRAI’s proprietary database of Eastern Interconnection generator production cost characteristics, transmission ratings, and electricity demands. This database has been developed over many years and is itself based on a variety of public (e.g., annual utility reports to FERC on Form 714) and private data sources. DOE also directed CRAI to collect information from transmission planning and regional/inter-regional reliability studies; in particular, the NERC Multiregional Modeling Working Group (MMWG) 2005 series load flow cases for the summer of 2007 and the summer of 2010 served as input data on the configuration and capabilities of generation and transmission in the Eastern Interconnection. In order to resolve particular questions and resolve any discrepancies between data sources, DOE directed CRAI to consult with industry representatives about projects under development or special cases such as the Cross-Sound and Neptune high voltage DC cables, which were added to the MMWG study case as resources for 2011. GE-MAPS, a commercially available multi-area production cost simulation tool, was used to study future congestion in the Eastern Interconnection. Production cost simulation tools estimate the cost of serving the electrical load in a given area by calculating on an hour-by-hour basis the least-cost dispatch of a fleet of generation units, each with known fixed and variable costs of production. Multi-area production cost simulation tools conduct this least-cost dispatch for more than one area simultaneously while considering the capability of transmission lines connecting the areas to support imports and exports of power to further lower the overall total cost of production. GE-MAPS assesses the electrical capability of transmission lines to support such inter-regional transfers using a technical approach called decoupled power flow. Development of nodes CRAI’s GE-MAPS tool represents the Eastern Interconnection as having approximately 46,000 distinct electrical elements (buses). Some of these elements represent points of load demand, some represent points where generators interconnect with the grid, and others represent transformers, phase shifters, substations and interconnections of transmission line segments. DOE directed CRAI to aggregate the load and generation buses in the Eastern Interconnection into a set of nodes, each of which represents significant concentrations of loads and/or generation within electrically and geographically contiguous areas. A total of 253 nodes were developed and analyzed. The goal was to create nodes that have: (1) significant excess generating capability (exporting areas), (2) significant excess loads (importing areas), or (3) both significant generation and loads (such areas can shift between being importing and exporting areas). Transmission paths connect the nodes on the power grid. Each node is connected to one or more adjacent nodes via transmission paths, each with a known and limited capability. The nodes were designed to exclude—rather than contain—major transmission facilities, so as to make congestion visible between nodes rather than obscured within a node. Electric power system control areas 15 are not good proxies for nodes because they vary widely in size and electrical capacity, and congestion frequently occurs within control areas. This approach to defining nodes varied by market: • For markets administered by NYISO and ISO-NE, LMP zones were used as a proxy for nodes. This is because congestion typically occurs between these zones rather than within 14 These steps involved the use of CRAI’s in-house post-processing tools, TRANZER (a commercial product of Cambridge Energy Solutions) and PowerWorld Simulator (a commercial product of PowerWorld Corporation). 15 See Glossary for definition of “control area.” 16 U.S. Department of Energy / National Electric Transmission Congestion Study / 2006
these zones. An exception is NYISO Zone J (New York City), but Zone J was retained as a single node rather than divided. • For all other markets, generation and load buses within the same control area were grouped into nodes using a clustering algorithm to reflect the impact of power injections and withdrawals at individual buses on major constrained paths. As noted above, some nodes were primarily generation sources, others were dominated by load rather than generation, and some had both load and generation. The existing electrical links between pairs of nodes were the paths tested for congestion. The nodes for the Eastern Interconnection are shown in Figure 2-3. Defining paths For modeling purposes, a transmission path is defined as a complex of lines linking two nodes. Paths may be defined on two levels—at the aggregate level, a path is defined as one or more lines on the network between two nodes, while at a detailed level a path includes a number of related physical transmission elements connecting one node to another. A path may extend across transmission owners or control areas, and may contain one or more existing transmission system facilities. Along a path, the model incorporates constraints that are most limiting for flows between generation nodes and load nodes. Constraints restrict the flow on a line, transformer, or a group of related elements, so that the flows do not exceed the appropriate thermal or stability-based reliability limit for the path. For each hourly time-step in a year-long simulation, GE-MAPS calculates the least-cost dispatch from the portfolio of available generation to meet all loads, recognizing limits on the ability of the paths to support electrical transfers. The program then totals the amount and cost of each generator’s production as well as the loading on each path over all hours in the study year. For every scenario run, the model tabulates the transmission congestion for each path over the hours and year, so that the congestion results can be compared within and across scenarios. These results are presented in Chapter 3. 2.6. The Western Interconnection Review of historical information Information on congestion in the Western Interconnection was received in two forms. First, over 35 documents from a variety of sources were reviewed; these documents are listed in Appendixes H and J. The majority of these documents were prepared by regional and sub-regional transmission planning study groups, including Western Governors’ Association (WGA); Seams Steering Group – Western Interconnection (SSG-WI); Northwest Transmission Assessment Committee (NTAC); Rocky Mountain Area Transmission Study (RMATS); Southwest Transmission Expansion Plan (STEP); Southwest Area Transmission Planning Group (SWAT); and Western Electric Coordinating Council (WECC). One of these, the Western Governors’ Association Transmission Task Force report in support of the CDEAC initiative, is notable because materials developed for that study were important inputs to this congestion study’s western region modeling. 16 Second, this study examined historically archived data collected by WECC, including hourly line flows. Access to this comprehensive set of historical information permitted direct calculation of actual grid congestion, including U90, for the transmission paths in the west. The analysts conducting the Western Interconnection study used the same model and data sources as used for various recent WECC reliability assessments and other modeling and represent the same organizations (and in most cases are the same analysts) as those conducting other western modeling. Accordingly, the western team concluded that there was no need for fresh validation of its model and data against other sources. 16 http://www.westgov.org/wga/initiatives/cdeac/index.htm. U.S. Department of Energy / National Electric Transmission Congestion Study / 2006 17
Page 1: NATIONAL ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION CONG
Page 5 and 6: Contents Executive Summary ........
Page 7: List of Figures (continued) 4-1. Co
Page 10 and 11: transmission constraint is loaded t
Page 12 and 13: Next Steps Notice of Intent to Cons
Page 14 and 15: RRO RTO SCOPF SERC SPP SSG-WI STEP
Page 16 and 17: Figure 1-1. Map of North American E
Page 18 and 19: constraints. 4 Similarly, ISOs and
Page 20 and 21: Transmission Constraints, Paths, an
Page 23 and 24: 2. Study Approach and Methods This
Page 25 and 26: November 3, 2005, for Henry Hub gas
Page 27 and 28: Wyoming, Montana, Nevada and Utah.
Page 29: Loading Relief (TLR) actions and co
Page 33: production by dispatching a fixed f
Page 36 and 37: 4. Southern New England East-West F
Page 38 and 39: Several of MISO’s transmission co
Page 40 and 41: years modeled. Future electricity p
Page 42 and 43: Other observations based on the con
Page 45 and 46: 4. Congestion and Constraints in th
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4-2. Actual Transmission Con
Page 49 and 50: most likely to be the most heavily
Page 51 and 52: Figure 4-7. Existing and Projected
Page 53 and 54: 5. Critical Congestion Areas, Conge
Page 55 and 56: 5.2. Congestion Areas in the Easter
Page 57 and 58: Baltimore area will face numerous v
Page 59 and 60: new generation resources. Figure 5-
Page 61 and 62: Interconnection, and a strong commi
Page 63 and 64: prices during binding hours in 2008
Page 65 and 66: 2. Is there strong commercial inter
Page 67 and 68: Reference Transmission Case, which
Page 69 and 70: Figure 5-9. Potential Wind Developm
Page 71 and 72: moderate cost renewable energy to M
Page 73 and 74: 6. Request for Comments on Designat
Page 75 and 76: might be resolved. Accordingly, the
Page 77 and 78: 7. Next Steps Regarding Congestion
Page 79: Refining congestion metrics As indi
Page 82 and 83:
Flowgate: An individual or a group
Page 84 and 85:
Transfer capability: The measure of
Page 87 and 88:
Appendix A Sections 368 and 1221(a)
Page 89:
`(B) the applicant for a permit is
Page 92 and 93:
Ohio Consumers’ Counsel Oklahoma
Page 94 and 95:
March 29, 2006 — 8:30 am - 3:00 p
Page 97 and 98:
Appendix D On-Site Participants in
Page 99 and 100:
Appendix E On-Line Participants in
Page 101:
Grace Soderberg, NARUC Ryan Stanley
Page 105 and 106:
Appendix G Outreach Meetings Held R
Page 107:
Organization/Event Outreach Type Lo
Page 111 and 112:
Appendix I Documents or Data Review
Page 113:
60. VASTE 2005-06 Winter Study Repo
Page 116 and 117:
16. Montana Department of Environme
Page 119:
Appendix K List of WECC Paths 74 Pa
show all

National Electric Transmission Congestion Study - W2agz.com

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?