GPS-X Technical Reference

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Digestion Models 276 Composite Variables snhn snhi slfn slfi pH hco3 = free ammonia (moles/L) = ionized ammonium (moles/L) = non-ionized volatile fatty acids (moles/L) = ionized volatile fatty acids (moles/L) = pH = bicarbonate (moles/L) h2co3 = carbonic acid (moles/L) co2 Mathematical Model = carbonate (moles/L) salk = alkalinity (g/m 3 ) The mathematical equations used in the liquid and gaseous phases are provided in the corresponding Model matrix form in Appendix A. The general reaction pathway is shown in Figure 10-2. Stoichiometry Figure 10-2- General Reaction Pathway The relative amounts of chemical components produced by the biological and chemical reactions in the anaerobic digester are specified by stoichiometric coefficients. The chemical reaction stoichiometry is defined by the balanced chemical reaction equations. The biological stoichiometry is defined by the yield coefficients. GPS-X Technical Reference
277 Digestion Models Seven yield coefficients are used by the basic model: ya yb yc yd ye yf yg = slf / vss = sco2t / vss = xmh / slf = sco2t / xmh = gch4 / xmh = snhi / vss = xmh / snhi In each case the yield is defined as the ratio of the change in a product to the change in a reactant. Volatile acids and volatile suspended solids are expressed as their equivalent chemical oxygen demand (COD). Components and Processes in the Mathematical Model Volatile Suspended Solids The rate of hydrolysis of VSS is assumed to be first order with respect to the concentration of VSS. A temperature correction factor (ftkco) is calculated using the Arrhenius equation with a base temperature of 35 degrees Celsius. The temperature correction factor is incorporated in the equation for the hydrolysis rate: Equation 10.1 where: kco = rate constant for the hydrolysis of VSS Methanogenic Organisms The growth of the microorganisms responsible for the generation of methane is modelled using the Monod equation modified by switching functions (similar to the IWA models). The rate of growth of methane producing bacteria (r2) is assumed to be proportional to their concentration (mumh). The model uses un-ionized volatile acids (slfn) as the substrate and incorporates two switching functions for inhibition: one for inhibition by slfn and the other by free ammonia (snh). GPS-X Technical Reference
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GPS-X Technical Reference GPS-X Ver
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Table of Contents iii Table of Cont
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v Table of Contents Sedimentation M
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vii Table of Contents Real Time Clo
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ix Table of Contents Figure 6-6 - P
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xi Table of Contents Figure 10-8 -
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xiii Table of Contents Figure 15-6
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xv Table of Contents Table 6-2 - Mo
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17 Modelling Fundamentals Experimen
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19 Modelling Fundamentals The proce
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21 Modelling Fundamentals Overview
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23 Modelling Fundamentals Primary a
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25 Modelling Fundamentals Vesilin
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27 GPS-X Objects CHAPTER 2 GPS-X Ob
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29 GPS- X Objects The mass balance
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31 GPS- X Objects Combining Equatio
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33 GPS-X State Variable Libraries S
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35 GPS-X State Variable Libraries C
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37 GPS-X State Variable Libraries C
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39 GPS-X Composite Variable Librari
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41 GPS-X Composite Variable Calcula
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55 Composite Variable Calculations
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61 Influent Models CHAPTER 5 Influe
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63 Influent Models Figure 5-3 - Inf
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65 Influent Models The three influe
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67 Influent Models Total runoff (Q
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69 Influent Models These inputs are
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71 Influent Models CODFractions COD
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73 Influent Models TSSCOD Figure 5-
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75 Influent Models Figure 5-13 - CN
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77 Influent Models CN and CNIP Libr
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83 Influent Models INFLUENT OBJECTS
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85 Influent Models Figure 5-22 - In
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87 Influent Models Chemical Dosage
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89 Influent Models Figure 5-29 - Ac
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91 Influent Models Figure 5-33 - Se
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93 Influent Models Figure 5-36 - Se
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95 Suspended Growth Models where: V
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97 Suspended Growth Models The baro
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99 Suspended Growth Models Oxygen M
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101 Suspended Growth Models In the
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103 Suspended Growth Models The SOT
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105 Suspended Growth Models Standar
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107 Suspended Growth Models The reg
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109 Suspended Growth Models SUMMARY
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111 Suspended Growth Models Figure
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113 Suspended Growth Models General
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115 Suspended Growth Models Number
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117 Suspended Growth Models Elevati
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121 Suspended Growth Models AERATIO
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123 Suspended Growth Models The ent
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125 Suspended Growth Models The org
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127 Suspended Growth Models Process
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129 Suspended Growth Models It i
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131 Suspended Growth Models Nitroge
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133 Suspended Growth Models Include
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135 Suspended Growth Models
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137 Suspended Growth Models Althoug
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139 Suspended Growth Models Particu
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141 Suspended Growth Models 9. Grow
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143 Suspended Growth Models 21. Sto
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145 Suspended Growth Models 33. Gro
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147 Suspended Growth Models To mode
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149 Suspended Growth Models Algebra
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151 Suspended Growth Models The sto
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153 Suspended Growth Models Decay o
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155 Suspended Growth Models SUGGEST
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157 Suspended Growth Models Special
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159 Suspended Growth Models Table 6
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161 Suspended Growth Models The GPS
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163 Suspended Growth Models where:
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165 Suspended Growth Models The max
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167 Suspended Growth Models If yo
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169 Suspended Growth Models ANAEROB
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171 Suspended Growth Models Simple
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173 Suspended Growth Models With th
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175 Suspended Growth Models Manual
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177 Suspended Growth Models Equatio
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179 Suspended Growth Models The met
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181 Suspended Growth Models Pond Mo
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183 Suspended Growth Models Special
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185 Suspended Growth Models Se
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187 Suspended Growth Models aerated
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193 Suspended Growth Models Calcula
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195 Suspended Growth Models The vap
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197 Suspended Growth Models Oxygen
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199 Suspended Growth Models Estimat
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203 Suspended Growth Models Enterin
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209 Suspended Growth Models MODELLI
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211 Suspended Growth Models TEMPERA
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213 Suspended Growth Models Table 6
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215 Suspended Growth Models The PAC
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217 Suspended Growth Models CHAPTER
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219 Attached-Growth Models Each lay
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221 Attached-Growth Models Equation
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223 Attached-Growth Models The mode
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Page 227 and 228: 227 Attached-Growth Models Liquid F
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Page 241 and 242: 241 Attached-Growth Models ADVANCED
Page 243 and 244: 243 Attached-Growth Models Filtrati
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Page 249 and 250: 249 Attached-Growth Models HYBRID S
Page 251 and 252: 251 Attached-Growth Models Figure 7
Page 253 and 254: 253 Sedimentation and Flotation Mod
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Page 271 and 272: 271 Sand Filtration Models The mass
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Page 279 and 280: 279 Digestion Models Based on the a
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Page 291 and 292: 291 Digestion Models ADM1 State Var
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Page 295 and 296: 295 Digestion Models Figure 10-15 -
Page 297 and 298: 297 Other Models CHAPTER 11 Other M
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Page 325 and 326: 325 Others Models BLACK BOX The Bla
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327 Tools Object Figure 11-19 - Spe
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329 Tools Object Figure 11-21 - Inp
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331 Tools Object Typical Model Outp
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333 Tools Object The variable speed
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335 Tools Object SLUDGE EFFLUENT BU
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337 Tools Object PH TOOL Take a sam
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339 Tools Object These concentratio
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341 Tools Object LOW-PASS FILTERING
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343 Tools Object Control Variable P
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345 Tools Object The individual mod
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347 Tools Object PID in Position Fo
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349 Tools Object The following para
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351 Tools Object The controller tun
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353 Tools Object When both the proc
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355 Tools Object TIMER CONTROL The
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357 Tools Object Controller - The c
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359 Tools Object (qcon is the crypt
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361 Operating Cost Models CHAPTER 1
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363 Operating Cost Models The energ
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365 Operating Cost Models OPERATING
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367 Operating Cost Models OPERATING
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369 Operating Cost Models CALIBRATI
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371 Operating Cost Models Category
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373 Optimizer If after the reflecti
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375 Optimizer In the objective func
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377 Optimizer Figure 14-2 - Optimiz
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379 Optimizer Figure 14-3 - Example
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381 Optimizer SUMMARY OF THE OPTIMI
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383 Optimizer Use specified standar
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385 Optimizer Level of significance
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387 Optimizer APPENDIX A: MAXIMUM L
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389 Optimizer In GPS-X the log-like
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391 Optimizer Note that the user ca
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393 Optimizer Gradient of the Objec
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395 Optimizer Hessian of the Object
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397 Optimizer For the maximum likel
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399 Optimizer Percentage Variation
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401 Optimizer GPS-X reports the F-v
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403 Optimizer The sum of squares ra
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405 Optimizer To check for violatio
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407 Optimizer If the sample autocor
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409 Optimizer APPENDIX C: NOMENCLAT
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411 Optimizer APPENDIX D: REFERENCE
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413 Miscellaneous CHAPTER 15 Miscel
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415 Miscellaneous As compared to th
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417 Miscellaneous A typical GPS-X o
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419 Miscellaneous RESIDUAL PLOTS Fo
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421 Miscellaneous Figure 15-6 - Res
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423 Miscellaneous REAL TIME CLOCK T
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425 Miscellaneous Figure 15-9 - Ste
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427 Miscellaneous Figure 15-11 - In
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429 Miscellaneous The smoothing fun
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431 Miscellaneous The Gear's Stiff
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Appendix A - Petersen Matrices A-1
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ASM2d in CNPLIB Appendix A - Peters
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15 Lysis of XBP 16 Lysis of XPP 17
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NewGeneral in CNPLIB Appendix A - P
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NewGeneral in CNPLIB Appendix A - P
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Component i Process Rates Appendix
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2 Appendix A - Prefermenter Peterse
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D-2 Appendix D - References Brockwe
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D-4 Appendix D - References Hur, D.
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D-6 Appendix D - References Reilly,
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D-8 Appendix D - References Wuhrman
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