GPS-X Technical Reference

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Attached Growth Models 248 Display Variables – Hydraulics 2D BAF Here, hydraulic information can be accessed and displayed for each of the horizontal filter sections (6 by default). It includes dilution rate and headloss-related variables: Reynolds number, friction factor, and headloss in each horizontal filter section for both clean and dirty filter beds. The solids capture rate during filtration can be displayed for each of the horizontal filter sections. The other variables (O 2 partial pressure, pore size, biofilm thickness, deposit concentration, bulk deposit volume) can be displayed on 3D graphs. The x-axis has the six horizontal filter sections, the y-axis has the five biofilm layers and liquid phase, and the z-axis displays the variable value. Filter Segment The state variables and the solids composite variable can be displayed on 3D graphs. The x-axis has the six horizontal filter sections, the y-axis has the five biofilm layers and liquid phase, and the z-axis displays the variable value. Liquid Film Concentration in Filter Part In this form, the state variables and unattached solids composite variable values in the liquid phase can be selected for display for each of the horizontal filter sections. The values displayed are only valid for the BAF units in filtration mode. Variables in Backwashed Segment In this form, the state variables can be selected for display for each of the biofilm layers. The values displayed are only valid for the units in backwash mode, and represent the average of all horizontal filter sections. In filtration mode, the filter is treated as a completely mixed tank. GPS-X Technical Reference
249 Attached-Growth Models HYBRID SYSTEM The Hybrid-System model in GPS-X is based on a combination of the standard plug flow tank configuration with suspended growth biomass, and the GPS-X biofilm model representing fixed film growth on the media inserted into the tank. Any type of media will be represented in the model as long as the specific surface area is set correctly. Thus the model is able to represent commercial systems such as MBBR, Ringlace, Captor, Bionet and other types of hybrid systems, whether they contain sludge recycle or not. Biological Component The hybrid-system uses the same biological reactions found in the suspended-growth models. For more specific information on biological models, please consult Chapter 6 (page 94). Biofilm Component The existing biofilm model in GPS-X is based on Spengel and Dzombak (1992). This model was adapted to the hybrid-system. The model handles soluble material diffusion, biofilm growth, and particulate attachment and detachment. Details are described in the Trickling Filter Model section of this chapter. Model Parameters Physical This section of the chapter discusses the various model parameters and inputs that the user will encounter when using this model. The physical parameters are found under the Parameters sub-menu item Physical. It contains physical dimensions to describe the hybrid-system, and model dimensions which allow the user to specify how the physical system will be modelled. The hybrid-system requires inputs such as the specific surface of media, the water displaced by media, and the specific density of media. GPS-X Technical Reference
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GPS-X Technical Reference GPS-X Ver
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Table of Contents iii Table of Cont
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v Table of Contents Sedimentation M
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vii Table of Contents Real Time Clo
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ix Table of Contents Figure 6-6 - P
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xi Table of Contents Figure 10-8 -
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xiii Table of Contents Figure 15-6
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xv Table of Contents Table 6-2 - Mo
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17 Modelling Fundamentals Experimen
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19 Modelling Fundamentals The proce
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21 Modelling Fundamentals Overview
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23 Modelling Fundamentals Primary a
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25 Modelling Fundamentals Vesilin
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27 GPS-X Objects CHAPTER 2 GPS-X Ob
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29 GPS- X Objects The mass balance
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31 GPS- X Objects Combining Equatio
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33 GPS-X State Variable Libraries S
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35 GPS-X State Variable Libraries C
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37 GPS-X State Variable Libraries C
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39 GPS-X Composite Variable Librari
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41 GPS-X Composite Variable Calcula
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55 Composite Variable Calculations
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61 Influent Models CHAPTER 5 Influe
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63 Influent Models Figure 5-3 - Inf
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65 Influent Models The three influe
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67 Influent Models Total runoff (Q
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69 Influent Models These inputs are
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71 Influent Models CODFractions COD
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73 Influent Models TSSCOD Figure 5-
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75 Influent Models Figure 5-13 - CN
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77 Influent Models CN and CNIP Libr
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83 Influent Models INFLUENT OBJECTS
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85 Influent Models Figure 5-22 - In
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87 Influent Models Chemical Dosage
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89 Influent Models Figure 5-29 - Ac
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91 Influent Models Figure 5-33 - Se
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93 Influent Models Figure 5-36 - Se
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95 Suspended Growth Models where: V
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97 Suspended Growth Models The baro
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99 Suspended Growth Models Oxygen M
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101 Suspended Growth Models In the
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103 Suspended Growth Models The SOT
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105 Suspended Growth Models Standar
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107 Suspended Growth Models The reg
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109 Suspended Growth Models SUMMARY
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111 Suspended Growth Models Figure
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113 Suspended Growth Models General
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115 Suspended Growth Models Number
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117 Suspended Growth Models Elevati
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121 Suspended Growth Models AERATIO
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123 Suspended Growth Models The ent
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125 Suspended Growth Models The org
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127 Suspended Growth Models Process
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129 Suspended Growth Models It i
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131 Suspended Growth Models Nitroge
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133 Suspended Growth Models Include
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135 Suspended Growth Models
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137 Suspended Growth Models Althoug
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139 Suspended Growth Models Particu
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141 Suspended Growth Models 9. Grow
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143 Suspended Growth Models 21. Sto
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145 Suspended Growth Models 33. Gro
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147 Suspended Growth Models To mode
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149 Suspended Growth Models Algebra
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151 Suspended Growth Models The sto
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153 Suspended Growth Models Decay o
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155 Suspended Growth Models SUGGEST
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157 Suspended Growth Models Special
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159 Suspended Growth Models Table 6
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161 Suspended Growth Models The GPS
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163 Suspended Growth Models where:
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165 Suspended Growth Models The max
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167 Suspended Growth Models If yo
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169 Suspended Growth Models ANAEROB
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171 Suspended Growth Models Simple
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173 Suspended Growth Models With th
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175 Suspended Growth Models Manual
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177 Suspended Growth Models Equatio
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179 Suspended Growth Models The met
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181 Suspended Growth Models Pond Mo
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183 Suspended Growth Models Special
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185 Suspended Growth Models Se
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187 Suspended Growth Models aerated
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193 Suspended Growth Models Calcula
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195 Suspended Growth Models The vap
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Page 219 and 220: 219 Attached-Growth Models Each lay
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Page 241 and 242: 241 Attached-Growth Models ADVANCED
Page 243 and 244: 243 Attached-Growth Models Filtrati
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Page 253 and 254: 253 Sedimentation and Flotation Mod
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Page 275 and 276: 275 Digestion Models Figure 10-1 -
Page 277 and 278: 277 Digestion Models Seven yield co
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Page 297 and 298: 297 Other Models CHAPTER 11 Other M
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299 Others Models High volume for p
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301 Others Models The sludge pretre
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303 Others Models With a large over
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305 Others Models Dosage Controller
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307 Others Models The set of above
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309 Others Models There are three p
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311 Others Models DISINFECTION UNIT
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313 Others Models DEWATERING Four m
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315 Others Models The optimal polym
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317 Others Models DISC AND BELT MIC
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319 Others Models Figure 11-12 - Pl
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321 Others Models Physical Setup Fo
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323 Others Models Exponential const
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325 Others Models BLACK BOX The Bla
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327 Tools Object Figure 11-19 - Spe
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329 Tools Object Figure 11-21 - Inp
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331 Tools Object Typical Model Outp
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333 Tools Object The variable speed
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335 Tools Object SLUDGE EFFLUENT BU
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337 Tools Object PH TOOL Take a sam
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339 Tools Object These concentratio
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341 Tools Object LOW-PASS FILTERING
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343 Tools Object Control Variable P
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345 Tools Object The individual mod
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347 Tools Object PID in Position Fo
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349 Tools Object The following para
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351 Tools Object The controller tun
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353 Tools Object When both the proc
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355 Tools Object TIMER CONTROL The
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357 Tools Object Controller - The c
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359 Tools Object (qcon is the crypt
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361 Operating Cost Models CHAPTER 1
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363 Operating Cost Models The energ
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365 Operating Cost Models OPERATING
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367 Operating Cost Models OPERATING
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369 Operating Cost Models CALIBRATI
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371 Operating Cost Models Category
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373 Optimizer If after the reflecti
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375 Optimizer In the objective func
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377 Optimizer Figure 14-2 - Optimiz
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379 Optimizer Figure 14-3 - Example
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381 Optimizer SUMMARY OF THE OPTIMI
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383 Optimizer Use specified standar
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385 Optimizer Level of significance
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387 Optimizer APPENDIX A: MAXIMUM L
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389 Optimizer In GPS-X the log-like
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391 Optimizer Note that the user ca
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393 Optimizer Gradient of the Objec
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395 Optimizer Hessian of the Object
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397 Optimizer For the maximum likel
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399 Optimizer Percentage Variation
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401 Optimizer GPS-X reports the F-v
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403 Optimizer The sum of squares ra
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405 Optimizer To check for violatio
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407 Optimizer If the sample autocor
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409 Optimizer APPENDIX C: NOMENCLAT
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411 Optimizer APPENDIX D: REFERENCE
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413 Miscellaneous CHAPTER 15 Miscel
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415 Miscellaneous As compared to th
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417 Miscellaneous A typical GPS-X o
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419 Miscellaneous RESIDUAL PLOTS Fo
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421 Miscellaneous Figure 15-6 - Res
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423 Miscellaneous REAL TIME CLOCK T
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425 Miscellaneous Figure 15-9 - Ste
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427 Miscellaneous Figure 15-11 - In
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429 Miscellaneous The smoothing fun
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431 Miscellaneous The Gear's Stiff
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Appendix A - Petersen Matrices A-1
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ASM2d in CNPLIB Appendix A - Peters
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15 Lysis of XBP 16 Lysis of XPP 17
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NewGeneral in CNPLIB Appendix A - P
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NewGeneral in CNPLIB Appendix A - P
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Component i Process Rates Appendix
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2 Appendix A - Prefermenter Peterse
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D-2 Appendix D - References Brockwe
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D-4 Appendix D - References Hur, D.
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D-6 Appendix D - References Reilly,
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D-8 Appendix D - References Wuhrman
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