GPS-X Technical Reference

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Suspended Growth Models 210 2. Estimate the value of kinetic coefficient at a given temperature T by using the following equations: Equation 6.75 Equation 6.76 where: k T = kinetic coefficient at T, unit T = actual temperature °C Based on the above relationships the temperature dependency of the kinetic coefficients can be expressed as shown in Figure 6-29. For the low temperature range, the default GPS-X temperature coefficient values were used for all the kinetic parameters. For the high temperature range temperature coefficient (θ2), the default values of 1.15 and 1.25 were used for the growth rate of heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms respectively. Figure 6-29 - Variation of Nitrifier Kinetic Parameter Values with Temperature GPS-X Technical Reference
211 Suspended Growth Models TEMPERATURE MODELLING The current GPS-X model uses a user-defined temperature in the biological unit processes. In using these models, it is assumed that the user has previous knowledge about the expected temperature in different biological reactors. In this project, it was decided to estimate the temperature in the biological units based on the heat balance in the tank considering heat losses and gains. A simple heat balance model as proposed by van der Graff (1976) and later validated by Gillot and Vanrolleghem (2003) was used to model the temperature change in a biological tank. The model was appropriately modified to account for the heat generation in denitrification and nitrifications reactions. The details of the model are described in following sections. The equations described in Gillot and Vanrolleghem (2003) were developed for a completely mixed basin under steady state conditions. These equations were appropriately modified to model the temperature under dynamic conditions. The completely mixed hypothesis assumes that the water temperature is uniform over the basin, and equals the outlet temperature. The energy balance over the reactor can be expressed with following equation. Equation 6.77 where: V = volume of the reactor, m 3 p w = density of water, kg/m 3 c pw = the specific heat of water, J/kg/°C Q w = the wastewater flow rate, m 3 /s T wi = the influent temperature, °C T wo = the water temperature in reactor, °C ΔH = enthalpy change due to heat transfer, J/s GPS-X Technical Reference
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GPS-X Technical Reference GPS-X Ver
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Table of Contents iii Table of Cont
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v Table of Contents Sedimentation M
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vii Table of Contents Real Time Clo
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ix Table of Contents Figure 6-6 - P
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xi Table of Contents Figure 10-8 -
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xiii Table of Contents Figure 15-6
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xv Table of Contents Table 6-2 - Mo
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17 Modelling Fundamentals Experimen
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19 Modelling Fundamentals The proce
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21 Modelling Fundamentals Overview
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23 Modelling Fundamentals Primary a
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25 Modelling Fundamentals Vesilin
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27 GPS-X Objects CHAPTER 2 GPS-X Ob
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29 GPS- X Objects The mass balance
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31 GPS- X Objects Combining Equatio
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33 GPS-X State Variable Libraries S
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35 GPS-X State Variable Libraries C
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37 GPS-X State Variable Libraries C
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39 GPS-X Composite Variable Librari
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41 GPS-X Composite Variable Calcula
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55 Composite Variable Calculations
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61 Influent Models CHAPTER 5 Influe
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63 Influent Models Figure 5-3 - Inf
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65 Influent Models The three influe
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67 Influent Models Total runoff (Q
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69 Influent Models These inputs are
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71 Influent Models CODFractions COD
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73 Influent Models TSSCOD Figure 5-
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75 Influent Models Figure 5-13 - CN
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77 Influent Models CN and CNIP Libr
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83 Influent Models INFLUENT OBJECTS
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85 Influent Models Figure 5-22 - In
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87 Influent Models Chemical Dosage
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89 Influent Models Figure 5-29 - Ac
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91 Influent Models Figure 5-33 - Se
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93 Influent Models Figure 5-36 - Se
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95 Suspended Growth Models where: V
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97 Suspended Growth Models The baro
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99 Suspended Growth Models Oxygen M
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101 Suspended Growth Models In the
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103 Suspended Growth Models The SOT
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105 Suspended Growth Models Standar
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107 Suspended Growth Models The reg
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109 Suspended Growth Models SUMMARY
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111 Suspended Growth Models Figure
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113 Suspended Growth Models General
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115 Suspended Growth Models Number
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117 Suspended Growth Models Elevati
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119 Suspended Growth Models Figure
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121 Suspended Growth Models AERATIO
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123 Suspended Growth Models The ent
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125 Suspended Growth Models The org
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127 Suspended Growth Models Process
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129 Suspended Growth Models It i
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131 Suspended Growth Models Nitroge
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133 Suspended Growth Models Include
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135 Suspended Growth Models
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137 Suspended Growth Models Althoug
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139 Suspended Growth Models Particu
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141 Suspended Growth Models 9. Grow
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143 Suspended Growth Models 21. Sto
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145 Suspended Growth Models 33. Gro
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147 Suspended Growth Models To mode
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149 Suspended Growth Models Algebra
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151 Suspended Growth Models The sto
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153 Suspended Growth Models Decay o
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155 Suspended Growth Models SUGGEST
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157 Suspended Growth Models Special
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Page 219 and 220: 219 Attached-Growth Models Each lay
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Page 253 and 254: 253 Sedimentation and Flotation Mod
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261 Sedimentation and Flotation Mod
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267 Sand Filtration Models Floatati
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269 Sand Filtration Models The back
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271 Sand Filtration Models The mass
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273 Sand Filtration Models Figure 9
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275 Digestion Models Figure 10-1 -
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277 Digestion Models Seven yield co
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279 Digestion Models Based on the a
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281 Digestion Models Combining the
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283 Digestion Models The Operationa
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285 Digestion Models Kinetic and St
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287 Digestion Models The rest of th
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291 Digestion Models ADM1 State Var
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293 Digestion Models AEROBIC DIGEST
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297 Other Models CHAPTER 11 Other M
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299 Others Models High volume for p
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301 Others Models The sludge pretre
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303 Others Models With a large over
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305 Others Models Dosage Controller
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307 Others Models The set of above
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309 Others Models There are three p
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311 Others Models DISINFECTION UNIT
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313 Others Models DEWATERING Four m
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315 Others Models The optimal polym
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317 Others Models DISC AND BELT MIC
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319 Others Models Figure 11-12 - Pl
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321 Others Models Physical Setup Fo
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323 Others Models Exponential const
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325 Others Models BLACK BOX The Bla
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327 Tools Object Figure 11-19 - Spe
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329 Tools Object Figure 11-21 - Inp
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331 Tools Object Typical Model Outp
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333 Tools Object The variable speed
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335 Tools Object SLUDGE EFFLUENT BU
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337 Tools Object PH TOOL Take a sam
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339 Tools Object These concentratio
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341 Tools Object LOW-PASS FILTERING
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343 Tools Object Control Variable P
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345 Tools Object The individual mod
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347 Tools Object PID in Position Fo
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349 Tools Object The following para
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351 Tools Object The controller tun
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353 Tools Object When both the proc
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355 Tools Object TIMER CONTROL The
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357 Tools Object Controller - The c
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359 Tools Object (qcon is the crypt
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361 Operating Cost Models CHAPTER 1
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363 Operating Cost Models The energ
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365 Operating Cost Models OPERATING
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367 Operating Cost Models OPERATING
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369 Operating Cost Models CALIBRATI
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371 Operating Cost Models Category
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373 Optimizer If after the reflecti
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375 Optimizer In the objective func
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377 Optimizer Figure 14-2 - Optimiz
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379 Optimizer Figure 14-3 - Example
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381 Optimizer SUMMARY OF THE OPTIMI
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383 Optimizer Use specified standar
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385 Optimizer Level of significance
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387 Optimizer APPENDIX A: MAXIMUM L
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389 Optimizer In GPS-X the log-like
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391 Optimizer Note that the user ca
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393 Optimizer Gradient of the Objec
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395 Optimizer Hessian of the Object
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397 Optimizer For the maximum likel
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399 Optimizer Percentage Variation
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401 Optimizer GPS-X reports the F-v
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403 Optimizer The sum of squares ra
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405 Optimizer To check for violatio
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407 Optimizer If the sample autocor
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409 Optimizer APPENDIX C: NOMENCLAT
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411 Optimizer APPENDIX D: REFERENCE
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413 Miscellaneous CHAPTER 15 Miscel
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415 Miscellaneous As compared to th
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417 Miscellaneous A typical GPS-X o
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419 Miscellaneous RESIDUAL PLOTS Fo
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421 Miscellaneous Figure 15-6 - Res
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423 Miscellaneous REAL TIME CLOCK T
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425 Miscellaneous Figure 15-9 - Ste
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427 Miscellaneous Figure 15-11 - In
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429 Miscellaneous The smoothing fun
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431 Miscellaneous The Gear's Stiff
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Appendix A - Petersen Matrices A-1
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ASM2d in CNPLIB Appendix A - Peters
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15 Lysis of XBP 16 Lysis of XPP 17
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NewGeneral in CNPLIB Appendix A - P
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NewGeneral in CNPLIB Appendix A - P
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Component i Process Rates Appendix
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2 Appendix A - Prefermenter Peterse
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D-2 Appendix D - References Brockwe
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D-4 Appendix D - References Hur, D.
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D-6 Appendix D - References Reilly,
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D-8 Appendix D - References Wuhrman
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