GPS-X Technical Reference

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Suspended Growth Models 158 GENERAL MODEL STRUCTURE The structure of the MBR model combines a conventional activated sludge tank model (plug-flow or CSTR) with an in-tank solids separation filter, as shown in Figure 6-12. In the case of the plug-flow MBR, the filter is placed in the final tank (an optional internal recycle is shown for illustrative purposes). Permeate flow is drawn through the filter at a rate determined by the filter model. MBR Model Modes Figure 6-12 - Membrane Bioreactor Model Structures Both of the MBR models in GPS-X feature two different modes of operation: Simple Mode, Intermediate, and Advanced Mode. Simple Mode assumes that the filter is properly operated to maintain flux, and does not consider the effects of trans-membrane pressure (TMP), cake formation, fouling, backwashing, and membrane resistance. The Intermediate model mode calculates the TMP, cake formation, fouling, backwashing, and membrane resistance based on the specified backwash rate and cleaning frequency, but the required permeate flux is calculated based on the influent flow and waste flow to ensure that the liquid volume in the last tank remains constant. The Advanced model mode is similar to the Intermediate model mode, however the liquid volume in the tank is variable and can increase or decrease based on the calculated permeate flux. The user can control the liquid level using a feedback controller that manipulates the transmembrane pressure. Table 6-3 summarizes the differences between Simple Mode, Intermediate, and Advanced Mode. GPS-X Technical Reference
159 Suspended Growth Models Table 6-3 – MBR Model Modes Operating Parameter Flow Balance and Reactor Volume Filter Operation Cross-Flow Air Solids Capture Biological Activity Operating Mode Simple Intermediate Advanced Model assumes flow in equals flow out, and there is no change in reactor volume. All incoming flow is assumed to exit via the filter and waste flow stream Filter operation is ignored Filter-cake solids removal from cross-flow aeration is ignored, but oxygen transfer from the cross-flow air to the bulk liquid is calculated and included in the biological activity The solids capture rate determines what fraction of the mixed liquor solids remain in the reactor. These solids remain suspended in the bulk liquid. Required membrane flux is determined based on influent flow and waste flow to ensure the liquid volume in the reactor is constant Users must specify TMP, backwash/relaxation cycles, and cross-flow aeration Both solids removal and oxygen transfer are considered for cross-flow aeration The solids capture rate determines what fraction of the mixed solids remains in the reactor. These solids make up the filter cake, and can be returned to the bulk liquid through backwashing or cross-flow aeration. Membrane flux is determined from filter model. Reactor volume increases and decreases depending on the difference between flow in and flow out. A controller is provided to manage the tank level same as intermediate same as intermediate same as intermediate There is no difference in the biological model when using simple, intermediate, or advanced modes. GPS-X Technical Reference
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GPS-X Technical Reference GPS-X Ver
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Table of Contents iii Table of Cont
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v Table of Contents Sedimentation M
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vii Table of Contents Real Time Clo
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ix Table of Contents Figure 6-6 - P
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xi Table of Contents Figure 10-8 -
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xiii Table of Contents Figure 15-6
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xv Table of Contents Table 6-2 - Mo
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17 Modelling Fundamentals Experimen
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19 Modelling Fundamentals The proce
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21 Modelling Fundamentals Overview
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23 Modelling Fundamentals Primary a
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25 Modelling Fundamentals Vesilin
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27 GPS-X Objects CHAPTER 2 GPS-X Ob
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29 GPS- X Objects The mass balance
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31 GPS- X Objects Combining Equatio
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33 GPS-X State Variable Libraries S
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35 GPS-X State Variable Libraries C
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37 GPS-X State Variable Libraries C
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39 GPS-X Composite Variable Librari
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41 GPS-X Composite Variable Calcula
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55 Composite Variable Calculations
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61 Influent Models CHAPTER 5 Influe
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63 Influent Models Figure 5-3 - Inf
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65 Influent Models The three influe
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67 Influent Models Total runoff (Q
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69 Influent Models These inputs are
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71 Influent Models CODFractions COD
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73 Influent Models TSSCOD Figure 5-
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75 Influent Models Figure 5-13 - CN
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77 Influent Models CN and CNIP Libr
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83 Influent Models INFLUENT OBJECTS
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85 Influent Models Figure 5-22 - In
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87 Influent Models Chemical Dosage
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89 Influent Models Figure 5-29 - Ac
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91 Influent Models Figure 5-33 - Se
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93 Influent Models Figure 5-36 - Se
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95 Suspended Growth Models where: V
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97 Suspended Growth Models The baro
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99 Suspended Growth Models Oxygen M
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101 Suspended Growth Models In the
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103 Suspended Growth Models The SOT
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105 Suspended Growth Models Standar
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209 Suspended Growth Models MODELLI
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211 Suspended Growth Models TEMPERA
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213 Suspended Growth Models Table 6
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215 Suspended Growth Models The PAC
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217 Suspended Growth Models CHAPTER
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219 Attached-Growth Models Each lay
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221 Attached-Growth Models Equation
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223 Attached-Growth Models The mode
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225 Attached-Growth Models The phys
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227 Attached-Growth Models Liquid F
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229 Attached-Growth Models This con
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231 Attached-Growth Models The next
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233 Attached-Growth Models The SBC
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235 Attached-Growth Models Based on
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237 Attached-Growth Models Operatio
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239 Attached-Growth Models Hydrauli
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241 Attached-Growth Models ADVANCED
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243 Attached-Growth Models Filtrati
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245 Attached-Growth Models Operatio
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247 Attached-Growth Models This for
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249 Attached-Growth Models HYBRID S
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251 Attached-Growth Models Figure 7
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253 Sedimentation and Flotation Mod
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267 Sand Filtration Models Floatati
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269 Sand Filtration Models The back
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271 Sand Filtration Models The mass
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273 Sand Filtration Models Figure 9
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275 Digestion Models Figure 10-1 -
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277 Digestion Models Seven yield co
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279 Digestion Models Based on the a
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281 Digestion Models Combining the
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283 Digestion Models The Operationa
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285 Digestion Models Kinetic and St
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287 Digestion Models The rest of th
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291 Digestion Models ADM1 State Var
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293 Digestion Models AEROBIC DIGEST
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297 Other Models CHAPTER 11 Other M
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299 Others Models High volume for p
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301 Others Models The sludge pretre
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303 Others Models With a large over
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305 Others Models Dosage Controller
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307 Others Models The set of above
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309 Others Models There are three p
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311 Others Models DISINFECTION UNIT
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313 Others Models DEWATERING Four m
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315 Others Models The optimal polym
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317 Others Models DISC AND BELT MIC
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319 Others Models Figure 11-12 - Pl
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321 Others Models Physical Setup Fo
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323 Others Models Exponential const
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325 Others Models BLACK BOX The Bla
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327 Tools Object Figure 11-19 - Spe
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329 Tools Object Figure 11-21 - Inp
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331 Tools Object Typical Model Outp
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333 Tools Object The variable speed
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335 Tools Object SLUDGE EFFLUENT BU
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337 Tools Object PH TOOL Take a sam
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339 Tools Object These concentratio
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341 Tools Object LOW-PASS FILTERING
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343 Tools Object Control Variable P
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345 Tools Object The individual mod
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347 Tools Object PID in Position Fo
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349 Tools Object The following para
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351 Tools Object The controller tun
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353 Tools Object When both the proc
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355 Tools Object TIMER CONTROL The
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357 Tools Object Controller - The c
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359 Tools Object (qcon is the crypt
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361 Operating Cost Models CHAPTER 1
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363 Operating Cost Models The energ
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365 Operating Cost Models OPERATING
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367 Operating Cost Models OPERATING
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369 Operating Cost Models CALIBRATI
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371 Operating Cost Models Category
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373 Optimizer If after the reflecti
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375 Optimizer In the objective func
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377 Optimizer Figure 14-2 - Optimiz
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379 Optimizer Figure 14-3 - Example
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381 Optimizer SUMMARY OF THE OPTIMI
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383 Optimizer Use specified standar
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385 Optimizer Level of significance
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387 Optimizer APPENDIX A: MAXIMUM L
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389 Optimizer In GPS-X the log-like
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391 Optimizer Note that the user ca
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393 Optimizer Gradient of the Objec
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395 Optimizer Hessian of the Object
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397 Optimizer For the maximum likel
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399 Optimizer Percentage Variation
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401 Optimizer GPS-X reports the F-v
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403 Optimizer The sum of squares ra
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405 Optimizer To check for violatio
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407 Optimizer If the sample autocor
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409 Optimizer APPENDIX C: NOMENCLAT
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411 Optimizer APPENDIX D: REFERENCE
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413 Miscellaneous CHAPTER 15 Miscel
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415 Miscellaneous As compared to th
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417 Miscellaneous A typical GPS-X o
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419 Miscellaneous RESIDUAL PLOTS Fo
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421 Miscellaneous Figure 15-6 - Res
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423 Miscellaneous REAL TIME CLOCK T
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425 Miscellaneous Figure 15-9 - Ste
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427 Miscellaneous Figure 15-11 - In
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429 Miscellaneous The smoothing fun
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431 Miscellaneous The Gear's Stiff
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Appendix A - Petersen Matrices A-1
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ASM2d in CNPLIB Appendix A - Peters
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15 Lysis of XBP 16 Lysis of XPP 17
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NewGeneral in CNPLIB Appendix A - P
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NewGeneral in CNPLIB Appendix A - P
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Component i Process Rates Appendix
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2 Appendix A - Prefermenter Peterse
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D-2 Appendix D - References Brockwe
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D-4 Appendix D - References Hur, D.
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D-6 Appendix D - References Reilly,
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D-8 Appendix D - References Wuhrman
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