GPS-X Technical Reference

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Suspended Growth Models 144 27. Storage of XPP on PHA using NO 2 as electron acceptor: In this process the storage of poly-phosphate takes place while the stored PHA compounds are oxidised using NO 2-N as an electron acceptor. The conversion of NO 2-N to N 2 is considered in process stoichiometry formulation. Similar to the process #26, a reduction factor equal to the ratio of NO 2-N to NO X –N concentration is applied to account for fraction of total biomass mediating this process. 28. Decay of PAO: The stoichiometry and rate expression for this process is same as ASM2d, except that alkalinity saturation term is not used. 29. XPP lysis: The stoichiometry and rate expression for this process is same as ASM2d, except that alkalinity saturation term is not used. 30. PHA lysis: The stoichiometry and rate expression for this process is same as ASM2d, except that alkalinity saturation term is not used. Processes mediated by methylotrophs A single population of methylotrophs, which degrades methanol, a single carbon substrate is incorporated in the model. Four reaction processes are considered for this biomass. 31. Growth of methylotrophs on methanol using O 2 as electron acceptor: The stoichiometry and kinetics of the process is developed using the principles of heterotrophic growth. The rate expression for growth of methylotrophs includes oxygen saturation and a methanol saturation term. The biomass yield on methanol is reported to be much lower than other carbon sources. Therefore, a different yield coefficient is used in the process stoichiometry. 32. Growth of methylotrophs on methanol using NO 3 as electron acceptor: The methylotrophs can use NO 3-N as terminal electron acceptor to oxidize methanol. The stoichiometry of this process is developed by considering partial reduction of NO 3-N to NO 2-N. The rate expression for the process uses an inhibition term for oxygen and a saturation term for the NO 3-N. The reaction rate expression also reduces the amount of biomass mediating the reaction by the fraction of NO 3-N to total NO X nitrogen available in the system. It is assumed that when the methylotroph biomass is converting NO 3-N to NO 2-N, it is not participating in the conversion of NO 2-N to N 2 gas. GPS-X Technical Reference
145 Suspended Growth Models 33. Growth of methylotrophs on methanol using NO 2 as electron acceptor: This represents the second step of denitrification. The stoichiometry of this process is developed by considering partial reduction of NO 2-N to N 2-N. The rate expression for the process uses an inhibition term for oxygen and a saturation term for the NO 2-N. The reaction rate expression also reduces the amount of biomass mediating the reaction by the fraction of NO 2-N to total NO X nitrogen available in the system. It is assumed that when the methylotroph biomass is converting NO 2-N to N 2-N, it is not participating in the conversion of NO 3-N to NO 2-N. 34. Decay of methylotrophs: Decay of methylotrophs is modelled using first order reaction rate, with respect to the biomass concentration. Processes mediated by Anaerobic Microorganisms The MANTIS2 model includes processes mediated by anaerobic microorganisms. These processes present the key transformations observed in strict anaerobic environment like anaerobic digester and other modifications of anaerobic treatment technology. These processes are adapted from the anaerobic digestion model developed at University of Cape Town (UCTADM1). The process rate and stoichiometry was converted from molar units to COD units. The process stoichiometry was also modified to include the mass balances for phosphorus, Ca, Mg, K, cation and anion species. The scheme of anaerobic biodegradation assumes that the anaerobic biomass decay takes place according to the decay processes listed above. The slowly degradable substrate is then hydrolyzed anaerobically according to process 4. The resulting soluble fermentable substrate is then converted to CH 4 and H 2 by the processes described below. 35. Growth of fermentive bacteria at low H 2: This process models the fermentation by acidogens under low H 2 partial pressure. The process stoichiometry is developed based on a conversion of model fermentable substrate (glucose) to acetic acid, H 2 and CO 2. The kinetic expression for the process uses a H 2 inhibition term to reduce the reaction rate as the partial pressure of H 2 increases. 36. Growth of fermentive bacteria at high H 2: This process models the fermentation by acidogens under high H 2 partial pressure. The process stoichiometry is developed based on a conversion of model fermentable substrate (glucose) to acetic acid, propionic acid, H 2 and CO 2. The kinetic expression for the process uses a H 2 saturation term to account for increased rate at higher partial pressure of H 2 GPS-X Technical Reference
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GPS-X Technical Reference GPS-X Ver
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Table of Contents iii Table of Cont
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v Table of Contents Sedimentation M
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vii Table of Contents Real Time Clo
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ix Table of Contents Figure 6-6 - P
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xi Table of Contents Figure 10-8 -
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xiii Table of Contents Figure 15-6
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xv Table of Contents Table 6-2 - Mo
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17 Modelling Fundamentals Experimen
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19 Modelling Fundamentals The proce
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21 Modelling Fundamentals Overview
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23 Modelling Fundamentals Primary a
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25 Modelling Fundamentals Vesilin
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27 GPS-X Objects CHAPTER 2 GPS-X Ob
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29 GPS- X Objects The mass balance
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31 GPS- X Objects Combining Equatio
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33 GPS-X State Variable Libraries S
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35 GPS-X State Variable Libraries C
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37 GPS-X State Variable Libraries C
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39 GPS-X Composite Variable Librari
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41 GPS-X Composite Variable Calcula
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55 Composite Variable Calculations
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61 Influent Models CHAPTER 5 Influe
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63 Influent Models Figure 5-3 - Inf
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65 Influent Models The three influe
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67 Influent Models Total runoff (Q
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69 Influent Models These inputs are
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71 Influent Models CODFractions COD
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73 Influent Models TSSCOD Figure 5-
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75 Influent Models Figure 5-13 - CN
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77 Influent Models CN and CNIP Libr
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83 Influent Models INFLUENT OBJECTS
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85 Influent Models Figure 5-22 - In
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87 Influent Models Chemical Dosage
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89 Influent Models Figure 5-29 - Ac
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91 Influent Models Figure 5-33 - Se
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195 Suspended Growth Models The vap
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197 Suspended Growth Models Oxygen
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199 Suspended Growth Models Estimat
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203 Suspended Growth Models Enterin
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209 Suspended Growth Models MODELLI
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211 Suspended Growth Models TEMPERA
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213 Suspended Growth Models Table 6
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215 Suspended Growth Models The PAC
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217 Suspended Growth Models CHAPTER
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219 Attached-Growth Models Each lay
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221 Attached-Growth Models Equation
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223 Attached-Growth Models The mode
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225 Attached-Growth Models The phys
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227 Attached-Growth Models Liquid F
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229 Attached-Growth Models This con
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231 Attached-Growth Models The next
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233 Attached-Growth Models The SBC
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235 Attached-Growth Models Based on
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237 Attached-Growth Models Operatio
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239 Attached-Growth Models Hydrauli
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241 Attached-Growth Models ADVANCED
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243 Attached-Growth Models Filtrati
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245 Attached-Growth Models Operatio
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247 Attached-Growth Models This for
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249 Attached-Growth Models HYBRID S
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251 Attached-Growth Models Figure 7
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253 Sedimentation and Flotation Mod
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267 Sand Filtration Models Floatati
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269 Sand Filtration Models The back
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271 Sand Filtration Models The mass
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273 Sand Filtration Models Figure 9
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275 Digestion Models Figure 10-1 -
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277 Digestion Models Seven yield co
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279 Digestion Models Based on the a
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281 Digestion Models Combining the
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283 Digestion Models The Operationa
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285 Digestion Models Kinetic and St
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287 Digestion Models The rest of th
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291 Digestion Models ADM1 State Var
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293 Digestion Models AEROBIC DIGEST
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297 Other Models CHAPTER 11 Other M
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299 Others Models High volume for p
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301 Others Models The sludge pretre
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303 Others Models With a large over
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305 Others Models Dosage Controller
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307 Others Models The set of above
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309 Others Models There are three p
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311 Others Models DISINFECTION UNIT
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313 Others Models DEWATERING Four m
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315 Others Models The optimal polym
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317 Others Models DISC AND BELT MIC
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319 Others Models Figure 11-12 - Pl
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321 Others Models Physical Setup Fo
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323 Others Models Exponential const
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325 Others Models BLACK BOX The Bla
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327 Tools Object Figure 11-19 - Spe
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329 Tools Object Figure 11-21 - Inp
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331 Tools Object Typical Model Outp
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333 Tools Object The variable speed
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335 Tools Object SLUDGE EFFLUENT BU
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337 Tools Object PH TOOL Take a sam
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339 Tools Object These concentratio
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341 Tools Object LOW-PASS FILTERING
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343 Tools Object Control Variable P
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345 Tools Object The individual mod
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347 Tools Object PID in Position Fo
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349 Tools Object The following para
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351 Tools Object The controller tun
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353 Tools Object When both the proc
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355 Tools Object TIMER CONTROL The
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357 Tools Object Controller - The c
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359 Tools Object (qcon is the crypt
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361 Operating Cost Models CHAPTER 1
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363 Operating Cost Models The energ
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365 Operating Cost Models OPERATING
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367 Operating Cost Models OPERATING
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369 Operating Cost Models CALIBRATI
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371 Operating Cost Models Category
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373 Optimizer If after the reflecti
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375 Optimizer In the objective func
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377 Optimizer Figure 14-2 - Optimiz
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379 Optimizer Figure 14-3 - Example
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381 Optimizer SUMMARY OF THE OPTIMI
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383 Optimizer Use specified standar
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385 Optimizer Level of significance
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387 Optimizer APPENDIX A: MAXIMUM L
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389 Optimizer In GPS-X the log-like
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391 Optimizer Note that the user ca
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393 Optimizer Gradient of the Objec
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395 Optimizer Hessian of the Object
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397 Optimizer For the maximum likel
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399 Optimizer Percentage Variation
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401 Optimizer GPS-X reports the F-v
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403 Optimizer The sum of squares ra
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405 Optimizer To check for violatio
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407 Optimizer If the sample autocor
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409 Optimizer APPENDIX C: NOMENCLAT
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411 Optimizer APPENDIX D: REFERENCE
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413 Miscellaneous CHAPTER 15 Miscel
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415 Miscellaneous As compared to th
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417 Miscellaneous A typical GPS-X o
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419 Miscellaneous RESIDUAL PLOTS Fo
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421 Miscellaneous Figure 15-6 - Res
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423 Miscellaneous REAL TIME CLOCK T
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425 Miscellaneous Figure 15-9 - Ste
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427 Miscellaneous Figure 15-11 - In
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429 Miscellaneous The smoothing fun
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431 Miscellaneous The Gear's Stiff
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Appendix A - Petersen Matrices A-1
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ASM2d in CNPLIB Appendix A - Peters
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15 Lysis of XBP 16 Lysis of XPP 17
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NewGeneral in CNPLIB Appendix A - P
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NewGeneral in CNPLIB Appendix A - P
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Component i Process Rates Appendix
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2 Appendix A - Prefermenter Peterse
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D-2 Appendix D - References Brockwe
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D-4 Appendix D - References Hur, D.
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D-6 Appendix D - References Reilly,
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D-8 Appendix D - References Wuhrman
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