ED-MEDIA 1999 Proceedings Book - Association for the ...

ED-MEDIA 1999 Proceedings Book - Association for the ... ED-MEDIA 1999 Proceedings Book - Association for the ...

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Higher Education: Infected with a Millenarian Bug Dr Yoni Ryan Teaching and Learning Support Services Department Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, Australia y.ryan@qut.edu.au Suellen Tapsall School of Media Communication and Culture Murdoch University Perth, Western Australia stapsall@central.murdoch.edu.au Abstract: This paper reports on an extensive survey of the opinions and intentions of major media and telecommunications CEOs and higher education administrators regarding the potential for ‘a global university’. It argues that a crisis of confidence engulfs public sector education systems, which may only be resolved through a thorough knowledge of the private companies involved in education delivery, and a renewed focus on the core business of higher education. Five years ago a millenarian virus hit the academic world. Not the Y2K bug, but an apocalyptic vision of a global university dominated by media companies and telecommunications entities. The virus was orally and aurally transmitted and spread quickly through the Vice Chancellors and Directors of well-established and prestigious universities, fuelled by respected academic leaders such as Barry Munitz of California State University, who foresaw a conglomerate of Microsoft, AT&T and IBM offering the Governor of California a cheaper, more efficient public education system. In Australia, the virus was spread by Alan Gilbert, University of Melbourne Vice-Chancellor, an academic not noted for alarmist statements. Subsequently, the Australian federal education department tendered for a reality check of the global university. Queensland University of Technology won the contract in its Media and Journalism department. This paper reports on the potential scenarios our team devised on the basis of investigations and interviews with many of the key players in the corporate and academic world. They represent our analysis, within the context of the investigation’s focus on convergence with global media networks, of the potential for new types of worldwide universities either in existence or likely to emerge within the next ten years. We conclude the paper with an update in terms of the likelihood of the scenarios a year later, and a few suggestions for inoculating our present universities from the effects of the virus, which we believe is more a crisis of confidence within public education than a threat from the corporate world. The scenarios are not mutually exclusive: several may develop concurrently, and combinations may appear. Scenario 1: Harvard-Murdoch U A globally branded university partners a global media network such as News Corporation and offers a high-quality prestigious degree. The alliance brings together partners of equal strengths in their core areas. It provides access to a pre-existing and substantial marketplace, an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the medium of delivery and a means of carriage that is highly developed and robust. The means of delivery is presumably broadcast (satellite or cable) or the Internet. Programs are globally available in the home and workplace. This is one scenario ‘often presented to faculty at institutions other than Harvard as the frightening future’ (Reeves, UGA). It is also a scenario that seems to be strongly identified with American institutions and media networks. Any offerings by a globally branded institution should be highly attractive. The global recognition of the institutional name would overcome some of the inherent difficulties of local

accreditation or standing in countries other than America and Britain. The likely focus would be at the professional postgraduate level. James O’Donnell, Vice-Provost for Information Systems and Computing at the University of Pennsylvania, has said that undergraduate distance-learning programs would be more difficult to justify at Ivy League prices: “At Penn and similar private institutions, the one thing they sell is that the people sitting next to you are smart people. Universities haven’t yet figured out how to recruit a comparatively talented pool over the Internet.” (Chronicle of Higher Education, 20 June 1997:A23) Significant questions surround the notions of such an alliance. Why should either partner participate High-end institutions owe a significant part of their success to their elitist branding. Would such an institution even want to mass-produce its degrees Zastrocky (Gartner Group) says “Harvard can’t just mass produce. They have the means, but it would undermine their own prestige”. Finally, what of the global media networks Would they get involved in such an alliance Henkin (NTG, News Corporation) says one immediate problem that springs to mind is that of exclusivity. “If you’re a distributor, you want to be open to multiple providers but an institution is more likely to want to be the major or sole provider with perhaps some second-tier institutions underneath as part of the service.” It would also need to be economically viable. “For the private sector to get involved they would have to see this as lucrative endeavour. If it’s not a bottom-line profit-making business then it won’t happen” (Pease, International University). Scenario 2: The Big Mac-Disney-Real Thing U “McDonald’s U … They recruit you, guarantee you a part-time job, you drop into a Bachelor’s degree and are given a job at the end. I see problems with competing with that.” (Miller, GATE) One or more corporations partner a global media network and offer education and training on a global scale. These corporations are hugely successful at their core businesses and already are committed to providing training for their own employees. Many have their own media networks and/or infrastructures, guaranteeing them access to the technology and means of delivery at minimal cost, at the same time capitalising on their core business. Once again, the means of delivery is likely to be satellite, cable or the Internet, with a stronger focus on online media due to the ubiquity of the workplace desktop computer and established levels of connectivity. Most of the organisations are multinationals, providing an automatic physical and student base across the globe. If one accepts that the core business of Disney and McDonald’s is as much marketing and customer satisfaction as developing entertainment products or making hamburgers, then this combination carries significant market attraction. Further, we would argue that some disciplines, including business, are more attractive to new providers and appear to convert more easily to different models of delivery. For example, programs originating from the computing and telecommunications companies—IBM, Microsoft and Motorola, to name but a few—would prove attractive to the market due to the demand for technology-related learning. It would seem obvious that this scenario has potential in the most commercially and economically viable parts of the sector. Corporate providers have the infrastructure and financial means, together with the ‘branding’ in terms of ‘real-world’ experience to be attractive options for a student cohort concerned primarily with employment-related issues. The major corporate providers were quick to dismiss notions that this scenario had potential. Most said they were only in the business of industry-specific education because traditional institutions were not meeting their needs. IBM spends more than $400 million annually on corporate training to IBM staff and Verville says that while there may be some small examples of this type of alliance around: “it’s not going to be a major thrust. Increasingly corporations around the world are focussing on core competencies, on core business. Generally, it’s something they do because they have to. They’ll only do it if they get better returns on their investment than they get from making hamburgers.” Other questions surround the portability of a degree from IBM or Disney and levels of acceptance by competing employers. “In general, lots of companies have tried to provide training for their own employees because tertiary institutions are unwilling to do that. Most of us would prefer to go to a tertiary institution where the degree or certificate is portable. Does a certification of management from IBM work I’d rather pay for an employee to do a degree from Stanford, MIT or Harvard” (Geoghegan, IBM).

Higher Education: Infected with a Millenarian Bug<br />

Dr Yoni Ryan<br />

Teaching and Learning Support Services Department<br />

Queensland University of Technology<br />

Brisbane, Australia<br />

y.ryan@qut.edu.au<br />

Suellen Tapsall<br />

School of Media Communication and Culture<br />

Murdoch University<br />

Perth, Western Australia<br />

stapsall@central.murdoch.edu.au<br />

Abstract: This paper reports on an extensive survey of <strong>the</strong> opinions and intentions of major media and<br />

telecommunications CEOs and higher education administrators regarding <strong>the</strong> potential <strong>for</strong> ‘a global university’. It<br />

argues that a crisis of confidence engulfs public sector education systems, which may only be resolved through a<br />

thorough knowledge of <strong>the</strong> private companies involved in education delivery, and a renewed focus on <strong>the</strong> core<br />

business of higher education.<br />

Five years ago a millenarian virus hit <strong>the</strong> academic world. Not <strong>the</strong> Y2K bug, but an<br />

apocalyptic vision of a global university dominated by media companies and telecommunications<br />

entities. The virus was orally and aurally transmitted and spread quickly through <strong>the</strong> Vice Chancellors<br />

and Directors of well-established and prestigious universities, fuelled by respected academic leaders<br />

such as Barry Munitz of Cali<strong>for</strong>nia State University, who <strong>for</strong>esaw a conglomerate of Microsoft, AT&T<br />

and IBM offering <strong>the</strong> Governor of Cali<strong>for</strong>nia a cheaper, more efficient public education system. In<br />

Australia, <strong>the</strong> virus was spread by Alan Gilbert, University of Melbourne Vice-Chancellor, an<br />

academic not noted <strong>for</strong> alarmist statements. Subsequently, <strong>the</strong> Australian federal education department<br />

tendered <strong>for</strong> a reality check of <strong>the</strong> global university. Queensland University of Technology won <strong>the</strong><br />

contract in its Media and Journalism department.<br />

This paper reports on <strong>the</strong> potential scenarios our team devised on <strong>the</strong> basis of investigations<br />

and interviews with many of <strong>the</strong> key players in <strong>the</strong> corporate and academic world. They represent our<br />

analysis, within <strong>the</strong> context of <strong>the</strong> investigation’s focus on convergence with global media networks, of<br />

<strong>the</strong> potential <strong>for</strong> new types of worldwide universities ei<strong>the</strong>r in existence or likely to emerge within <strong>the</strong><br />

next ten years. We conclude <strong>the</strong> paper with an update in terms of <strong>the</strong> likelihood of <strong>the</strong> scenarios a year<br />

later, and a few suggestions <strong>for</strong> inoculating our present universities from <strong>the</strong> effects of <strong>the</strong> virus, which<br />

we believe is more a crisis of confidence within public education than a threat from <strong>the</strong> corporate<br />

world. The scenarios are not mutually exclusive: several may develop concurrently, and combinations<br />

may appear.<br />

Scenario 1: Harvard-Murdoch U<br />

A globally branded university partners a global media network such as News Corporation and<br />

offers a high-quality prestigious degree. The alliance brings toge<strong>the</strong>r partners of equal strengths in <strong>the</strong>ir<br />

core areas. It provides access to a pre-existing and substantial marketplace, an understanding of <strong>the</strong><br />

strengths and weaknesses of <strong>the</strong> medium of delivery and a means of carriage that is highly developed<br />

and robust. The means of delivery is presumably broadcast (satellite or cable) or <strong>the</strong> Internet. Programs<br />

are globally available in <strong>the</strong> home and workplace.<br />

This is one scenario ‘often presented to faculty at institutions o<strong>the</strong>r than Harvard as <strong>the</strong><br />

frightening future’ (Reeves, UGA). It is also a scenario that seems to be strongly identified with<br />

American institutions and media networks.<br />

Any offerings by a globally branded institution should be highly attractive. The global<br />

recognition of <strong>the</strong> institutional name would overcome some of <strong>the</strong> inherent difficulties of local

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