experimental and cfd investigation of helicopter berp ... - CFD4Aircraft
experimental and cfd investigation of helicopter berp ... - CFD4Aircraft
experimental and cfd investigation of helicopter berp ... - CFD4Aircraft
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INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
EXPERIMENTAL AND CFD INVESTIGATION OF<br />
HELICOPTER<br />
BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
by<br />
Alan Brocklehurst<br />
Jeremy Beedy George Barakos Ken Badcock & Bryan Richards<br />
Conference on Computational <strong>and</strong> Experimental Methods<br />
on the occasion <strong>of</strong><br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Bryan Richard’s Retirement<br />
10 September 2003<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
Lynx: World Speed Record400.87 km/hr, 216.3 kts, 250.54 mph<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
Introduction<br />
WHL Wind Tunnel Experiments – Collaboration with NASA Ames (1989)<br />
Comparison <strong>of</strong> Measurements <strong>and</strong> Computational Studies<br />
WHL Advancing Blade CFD <strong>and</strong> VSAERO Spanwise Loading<br />
Analysis with the Glasgow Code – Unsteady Pitching Motion<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
WHL Wind Tunnel Tests on the NASA/BERP-III Wing<br />
Pressure Tube Layout in Blade Skinning Tool<br />
Upper Surface<br />
Lower Surface<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
WHL Wind Tunnel Tests on the NASA/BERP-III Wing<br />
Wind Tunnel Model Components<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
WHL Wind Tunnel Tests on the NASA/BERP-III Wing<br />
BERP-III Wing Installed in the Tunnel<br />
View from Up-Wind<br />
View from Down-Wind<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
WHL Wind Tunnel Tests on the NASA/BERP-III Wing<br />
Wool<br />
Tufts<br />
Flow<br />
Visualisation<br />
Wing Root Incidence 13 deg<br />
Wing Root Incidence 20 deg<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
WHL Wind Tunnel Tests on the NASA/BERP-III Wing<br />
Smoke Flow<br />
Visualisation<br />
6 degrees<br />
13 degrees<br />
1.75 chords downstream<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
WHL Wind Tunnel Tests on the NASA/BERP-III Wing<br />
Oil Flow Visualisation - Re=1.4million - Transition Fixed .007” thread<br />
13 deg 15 deg 20 deg<br />
Wing Root Incidences<br />
3 deg 6 deg 9 deg 11 deg<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
WHL Wind Tunnel Tests on the NASA/BERP-III Wing<br />
Oil Flow Visualisation - Re=1.4million - Transition Free<br />
14 deg 15 deg<br />
9 deg 11 deg 13 deg<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
WHL Wind Tunnel Tests on the NASA/BERP-III Wing<br />
Oil Flow Visualisation – Re=1.4million - Transition Fixed - Inboard<br />
Wing Root Incidence 14 degrees<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
WHL Wind Tunnel Tests on the NASA/BERP-III Wing<br />
Layout <strong>of</strong> Pressure Taps<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
Comparisons through Collaboration with NASA Ames<br />
Navier-Stokes<br />
Computations<br />
by<br />
Earl Duque<br />
(NASA Ames)<br />
compared<br />
to<br />
WHL Wind Tunnel<br />
Measurements<br />
(1989)<br />
Re=1.4 million<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
Comparisons through Collaboration with NASA Ames<br />
Spanwise Lift Coefficient<br />
Navier-Stokes<br />
Computations<br />
by<br />
Earl Duque<br />
(NASA Ames)<br />
13 degrees<br />
WHL Wind Tunnel<br />
Measurements<br />
20 degrees<br />
(1989)<br />
6, 13, 16, 20 degrees<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
BERP Wing Pressure Contours from Test Data<br />
Notch Stations<br />
Normal to<br />
Leading Edge<br />
13 deg wing root incidence<br />
Transition Free<br />
Re=1.4 million<br />
Tip Stations<br />
Normal to<br />
Leading Edge<br />
Wing Stations Normal to Leading Edge<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
BERP Wing Tip Pressure Contours from Test Data<br />
Outer Tip Region - Transition Free<br />
Re=1.4 million<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
Advancing Blade CFD Analysis <strong>of</strong> the BERP Blade by NASA<br />
Sheared Mach Flow<br />
Advancing Blade Simulations<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> CFD Analysis <strong>of</strong> Advancing Blade Tip<br />
EH101 MRB Mtip=0.92 CL=0<br />
Fluent CFD Code<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
VSAERO Spanwise Loading for Tip Design<br />
Lynx CMRB Wind Tunnel Model<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
3D Panel Code with Coupled Boundary Layer<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
Steady Calculation<br />
Slow Ramping<br />
Wind<br />
Ramping BERP III wing<br />
Re=1.4x10 6<br />
M=0.16<br />
k-ω turbulence<br />
model<br />
455x10 3 cells<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
C L<br />
1.2<br />
1<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
0<br />
Root incidence (deg.)<br />
CL-Ramping<br />
CL-Steady<br />
-0.2<br />
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35<br />
C D<br />
0.5<br />
0.45<br />
0.4<br />
0.35<br />
0.3<br />
0.25<br />
0.2<br />
0.15<br />
0.1<br />
0.05<br />
0<br />
C MC/4<br />
CD-Ramping<br />
CD-Steady<br />
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35<br />
Root incidence (deg.)<br />
Ramping BERP III wing<br />
Re=0.64x10 6<br />
M=0.2<br />
k-ω turbulence model<br />
350x10 3 cells<br />
0<br />
0.02<br />
0.04<br />
0.06<br />
0.08<br />
-0.1<br />
0.12<br />
0.14<br />
0.16<br />
0.18<br />
-0.2<br />
CM-Ramping<br />
CM-Steady<br />
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35<br />
Root incidence (deg.)<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
1.4<br />
1.2<br />
Ramping BERP-III Wing<br />
CL out<br />
Free Transition<br />
C L<br />
1<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
Re=1.4x10 6<br />
M=0.16<br />
k-ω turbulence model<br />
455x10 3 cells<br />
0<br />
0 5 10 15 20 25<br />
Root incidence (deg.)<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
Subsonic conditions, M = 0.15, Re = 1.8 x 105, k-ω turbulence model<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
Flow Visualisation from CFD at High Angle <strong>of</strong> Attack<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
Ramping BERP-III Wing with Anhedral<br />
19 deg 20 deg<br />
22 deg<br />
Re=0.64x10 6<br />
M=0.2<br />
k-ω turbulence model<br />
350x10 3 cells<br />
25 deg<br />
yellow colour indicates<br />
stalled area<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
Inboard<br />
Outboard<br />
10 deg<br />
15 deg<br />
Ramping BERP III wing<br />
20 deg<br />
25 deg<br />
Re=0.64x10 6<br />
M=0.2<br />
k-ω turbulence model<br />
350x10 3 cells<br />
Trailing Edge<br />
Leading Edge<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
30 deg<br />
yellow colour indicates<br />
stalled area<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
Ramping BERP-III wing<br />
Re=0.64x10 6 , M=0.2, k-ω turbulence model, 350x10 3 cells<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
Oscillatory Simulation at High Subsonic Mach Number<br />
M=0.70, Re = 1.8 × 10 5, k-ω turbulence model<br />
α 0<br />
= 0º mean incidence, α 1<br />
= 5º oscillation amplitude, f = 1 Hz oscillation frequency, Reduced frequency <strong>of</strong> ~ 0.1<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
Conclusions<br />
CFD provides a powerful analysis method, <strong>and</strong> compares well to experiments<br />
– but some improvements are required – eg transition modelling<br />
The <strong>experimental</strong> database for the BERP blade can be further exploited<br />
CFD <strong>of</strong>fers a way <strong>of</strong> transfering the insight gained from a 'simple' fixed wing test<br />
to the more complex rotor situation, <strong>and</strong> is able to embrace a wide range<br />
<strong>of</strong> conditions with the necessary detail <strong>and</strong> resolution<br />
CFD simulation <strong>of</strong> a full 3D rotating multi-bladed <strong>helicopter</strong> is an exciting prospect<br />
<strong>and</strong>, at each step along the way, there are significant benefits to Industry by<br />
applying CFD in the design process.<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
INVESTIGATION OF BERP TIP AERODYNAMICS<br />
Rotor Systems, Aerodynamics<br />
Westl<strong>and</strong> Helicopters is an AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong> Company<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Aerospace Engineering<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Glasgow
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