Principles and Practice of Clinical Bacteriology Second Edition - Free
Principles and Practice of Clinical Bacteriology Second Edition - Free Principles and Practice of Clinical Bacteriology Second Edition - Free
viii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Roderick McNab Consumer Healthcare, GlaxoSmithKline, St. George’s Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey KT13 0DE, UK Jussi Mertsola Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland David A. Murdoch Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Free Hospital NHS Trust, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK Barbara E. Murray Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77225, USA Esteban C. Nannini Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77225, USA James G. Olson Virology Department, U.S. Naval Medical Research Center Detachment, Unit 3800, American Embassy, APO AA 34031 Petra C. F. Oyston Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK Sudha Pabbatireddy Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, SUNY at Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794-8160, USA Sheila Patrick Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Queen’s University of Belfast, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BN, UK Sharon Peacock Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Level 7, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Charles W. Penn Professor of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK Sabine Pereyre Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France Tyrone L. Pitt Centre for Infection, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK Ian R. Poxton Medical Microbiology, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK Michael B. Prentice Department of Microbiology University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Didier Raoult Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020A, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France Derren Ready Eastman Dental Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK John Richens Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Royal Free and University College Medical School, The Mortimer Market Centre, Mortimer Market, London WC1E 6AU, UK Geoff L. Ridgway Pathology Department, The London Clinic, 20 Devonshire Place, London W1G 6BW, UK Marina Rodríguez-Díaz Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK J. M. Rolain Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020A, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France Andrew J. H. Simpson Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Building 245, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 OJQ, UK Shiranee Sriskandan Gram Positive Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK Diane E. Taylor Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 1-41 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2H7, Canada Nathan M. Thielman Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA Andrew J. L. Turner Manchester Medical Microbiology Partnership, Department of Clinical Virology, 3rd Floor Clinical Sciences Building 2, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK David P. J. Turner Molecular Bacteriology and Immunology Group, Division of Microbiology, University Hospital of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK Cees M. Verduin PAMM, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, P.O. Box 2, 5500 AA Veldhoven, The Netherlands Matti K. Viljanen Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, 20520 Turku, Finland Adrian Whatmore Department of Statutory and Exotic Bacterial Diseases, Veterinary Laboratory Agency – Weybridge, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK Mark H. Wilcox Department of Microbiology, Leeds General Infirmary & University of Leeds, Old Medical School, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK Edward J. Young Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, One Baylor Place, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Preface Change is inevitable and nowhere more than in the world of bacteriology. Since the publication of the first edition of this book in 1997 the speed of change has accelerated. We have seen the publication of whole genome sequences of bacteria. The first example, Mycoplasma genitalium, was heralded as a breakthrough, but this was only the first in a flood of sequences. Now a wide range of human, animal and environmental bacterial species sequences are available. For many important organisms, multiple genome sequences are available, allowing comparative genomics to be performed. This has given us a tremendous insight into the evolution of bacterial pathogens, although this is only a part of the impact of molecular biological methods on bacteriology. Tools have been harnessed to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of bacterial infection, and methods have been developed and introduced into routine practice for diagnosis. Typing techniques have been developed that have begun unravelling the routes of transmission in human populations in real time. New pathogens have been described, and some species thought to have been pathogenic have been demonstrated only to be commensals. Improved classification, often driven by molecular methods, has increased our ability to study the behaviour of bacteria in their interaction with the human host. New treatments have become available, and in other instances, resistance has developed, making infections with some species more difficult to manage. In this revision the authors and editors have endeavoured to provide up-to-date and comprehensive information that incorporates this new knowledge, while remaining relevant to the practice of clinical bacteriology. We hope that you find it helpful in your daily practice. Stephen H. Gillespie Peter M. Hawkey
- Page 1: Principles and Practice of Clinical
- Page 5 and 6: Principles and Practice of Clinical
- Page 7 and 8: Contents List of Contributors Prefa
- Page 9: List of Contributors Dlawer A. A. A
- Page 15 and 16: 1 β-Haemolytic Streptococci Androu
- Page 17 and 18: PATHOGENESIS AND VIRULENCE FACTORS
- Page 19 and 20: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF β-HAEMOLYTIC STREP
- Page 21 and 22: CLINICAL ASPECTS OF β-HAEMOLYTIC S
- Page 23 and 24: LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS AND IDENTIFICA
- Page 25 and 26: LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS AND IDENTIFICA
- Page 27 and 28: PREVENTION AND CONTROL 15 and nonin
- Page 29 and 30: REFERENCES 17 Courvalin PM, Carlier
- Page 31 and 32: REFERENCES 19 Nelson D, Loomis L, F
- Page 33 and 34: 2 Oral and Other Non-b-Haemolytic S
- Page 35 and 36: INFECTIONS CAUSED BY NON-β-HAEMOLY
- Page 37 and 38: INFECTIONS CAUSED BY NON-β-HAEMOLY
- Page 39 and 40: INFECTIONS CAUSED BY NON-β-HAEMOLY
- Page 41 and 42: INFECTIONS CAUSED BY NON-β-HAEMOLY
- Page 43 and 44: LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS 31 Figure 2.4
- Page 45 and 46: LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS 33 Table 2.8 D
- Page 47 and 48: ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY 35 Table
- Page 49 and 50: REFERENCES 37 Billington, S.J., Jos
- Page 51: REFERENCES 39 Streptococcus bovis b
- Page 54 and 55: 42 STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE infecti
- Page 56 and 57: 44 STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE virulen
- Page 58 and 59: 46 STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE togethe
viii<br />
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS<br />
Roderick McNab Consumer Healthcare, GlaxoSmithKline,<br />
St. George’s Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey KT13 0DE, UK<br />
Jussi Mertsola Department <strong>of</strong> Pediatrics, University <strong>of</strong> Turku,<br />
Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finl<strong>and</strong><br />
David A. Murdoch Department <strong>of</strong> Medical Microbiology, Royal <strong>Free</strong><br />
Hospital NHS Trust, Rowl<strong>and</strong> Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK<br />
Barbara E. Murray Division <strong>of</strong> Infectious Diseases, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Texas Health Science Center, Houston Medical School, Houston,<br />
TX 77225, USA<br />
Esteban C. Nannini Division <strong>of</strong> Infectious Diseases, University <strong>of</strong><br />
Texas Health Science Center, Houston Medical School, Houston,<br />
TX 77225, USA<br />
James G. Olson Virology Department, U.S. Naval Medical<br />
Research Center Detachment, Unit 3800, American Embassy, APO<br />
AA 34031<br />
Petra C. F. Oyston Defence Science <strong>and</strong> Technology Laboratory,<br />
Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK<br />
Sudha Pabbatireddy Department <strong>of</strong> Medicine, Division <strong>of</strong> Infectious<br />
Diseases, SUNY at Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794-8160, USA<br />
Sheila Patrick Department <strong>of</strong> Microbiology <strong>and</strong> Immunobiology,<br />
School <strong>of</strong> Medicine, Queen’s University <strong>of</strong> Belfast, Grosvenor<br />
Road, Belfast BT12 6BN, UK<br />
Sharon Peacock Nuffield Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Clinical</strong> Laboratory Sciences,<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Microbiology, Level 7, The John Radcliffe Hospital,<br />
Oxford OX3 9DU, UK<br />
Charles W. Penn Pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> Molecular Microbiology, School <strong>of</strong><br />
Biosciences, University <strong>of</strong> Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham<br />
B15 2TT, UK<br />
Sabine Pereyre Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université Victor<br />
Segalen Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France<br />
Tyrone L. Pitt Centre for Infection, Health Protection Agency, 61<br />
Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT, UK<br />
Ian R. Poxton Medical Microbiology, University <strong>of</strong> Edinburgh<br />
Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK<br />
Michael B. Prentice Department <strong>of</strong> Microbiology University<br />
College Cork, Cork, Irel<strong>and</strong><br />
Didier Raoult Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020A, Faculté<br />
de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Bd Jean Moulin,<br />
13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France<br />
Derren Ready Eastman Dental Hospital, University College<br />
London Hospitals NHS Trust, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London<br />
WC1X 8LD, UK<br />
John Richens Centre for Sexual Health <strong>and</strong> HIV Research, Royal<br />
<strong>Free</strong> <strong>and</strong> University College Medical School, The Mortimer Market<br />
Centre, Mortimer Market, London WC1E 6AU, UK<br />
Ge<strong>of</strong>f L. Ridgway Pathology Department, The London Clinic, 20<br />
Devonshire Place, London W1G 6BW, UK<br />
Marina Rodríguez-Díaz Department <strong>of</strong> Biological <strong>and</strong> Biomedical<br />
Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road,<br />
Glasgow G4 0BA, UK<br />
J. M. Rolain Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020A, Faculté de<br />
Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Bd Jean Moulin,<br />
13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France<br />
Andrew J. H. Simpson Defence Science <strong>and</strong> Technology Laboratory,<br />
Biological Sciences Building 245, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4<br />
OJQ, UK<br />
Shiranee Srisk<strong>and</strong>an Gram Positive Molecular Pathogenesis<br />
Group, Department <strong>of</strong> Infectious Diseases, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Medicine,<br />
Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road,<br />
London W12 0NN, UK<br />
Diane E. Taylor Department <strong>of</strong> Medical Microbiology <strong>and</strong> Immunology,<br />
1-41 Medical Sciences Building, University <strong>of</strong> Alberta,<br />
Edmonton AB T6G 2H7, Canada<br />
Nathan M. Thielman Division <strong>of</strong> Infectious Diseases, University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Virginia School <strong>of</strong> Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA<br />
Andrew J. L. Turner Manchester Medical Microbiology Partnership,<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Clinical</strong> Virology, 3rd Floor <strong>Clinical</strong> Sciences<br />
Building 2, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester<br />
M13 9WL, UK<br />
David P. J. Turner Molecular <strong>Bacteriology</strong> <strong>and</strong> Immunology Group,<br />
Division <strong>of</strong> Microbiology, University Hospital <strong>of</strong> Nottingham,<br />
Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK<br />
Cees M. Verduin PAMM, Laboratory <strong>of</strong> Medical Microbiology,<br />
P.O. Box 2, 5500 AA Veldhoven, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s<br />
Matti K. Viljanen Department <strong>of</strong> Medical Microbiology, University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, 20520 Turku, Finl<strong>and</strong><br />
Adrian Whatmore Department <strong>of</strong> Statutory <strong>and</strong> Exotic Bacterial<br />
Diseases, Veterinary Laboratory Agency – Weybridge, Woodham<br />
Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK<br />
Mark H. Wilcox Department <strong>of</strong> Microbiology, Leeds General<br />
Infirmary & University <strong>of</strong> Leeds, Old Medical School, Leeds LS1<br />
3EX, UK<br />
Edward J. Young Department <strong>of</strong> Internal Medicine, Baylor<br />
College <strong>of</strong> Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, One Baylor<br />
Place, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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