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Chapter 3 Resource: Matter and its Changes

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Name Date Class<br />

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.<br />

1<br />

Density of Solids<br />

Suppose you cut a piece of copper rod into sections of equal volume. If each section of rod had<br />

a volume of 1 cm 3 ,you would find that all the pieces would have the same mass when massed on<br />

a balance. That is, the mass of a unit volume of material is the same for all samples of a substance,<br />

but usually differs for different substances. The mass of a unit volume, or density, is therefore a<br />

characteristic physical property of a substance. How can you determine whether several samples<br />

that share other similar physical properties are made of the same substance One way is to determine<br />

the densities of the samples.<br />

Strategy<br />

You will measure the mass <strong>and</strong> volume of several samples of solids.<br />

You will calculate the density of each solid.<br />

You will determine if any of the samples are made of the same substance.<br />

You will identify samples based on their densities.<br />

Materials<br />

sheets of paper (2)<br />

metal blocks (3)<br />

balance<br />

metric ruler<br />

small rocks (2)<br />

50-mL graduated cylinder<br />

water<br />

Procedure<br />

1. Place the three blocks on a sheet of paper.<br />

On the paper, make a circle around each<br />

block. Label one circle A, label another<br />

circle B, <strong>and</strong> a third circle C, as shown in<br />

Figure 1. Take only one block off the paper<br />

at a time. Keep the other blocks in their<br />

circles so you don’t get them mixed up.<br />

Figure 1<br />

Laboratory<br />

Activity<br />

A<br />

B<br />

C<br />

2. Use a balance to measure the mass of each<br />

block to the nearest 0.1 gram. Record the<br />

masses in Table 1.<br />

3. Measure the dimensions of each of the<br />

three blocks as accurately as you can.<br />

Record the dimensions in the table.<br />

4. Calculate the volume of each block by<br />

multiplying length, width, <strong>and</strong> height.<br />

Record the volumes in the table.<br />

5. Calculate the density of each block by<br />

dividing the mass by the volume. Record<br />

the density of each block in the table.<br />

6. Place the two rocks on another sheet of<br />

paper. On the paper, make a circle around<br />

each rock. Label one circle A <strong>and</strong> label the<br />

other circle B. Take only one rock off the<br />

paper at a time. Keep the other rock in <strong>its</strong><br />

circle so you don’t get them mixed up.<br />

7. Use the balance to measure the masses of<br />

each rock sample. Record the masses in<br />

Table 2.<br />

H<strong>and</strong>s-On Activities<br />

<strong>Matter</strong> <strong>and</strong> Its <strong>Changes</strong> 9

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