University of Tokyo CubeSat Project CRITICAL DESIGN ... - APRSAF

CanSat & Rocket Experiment(‘99~)
UNITEC-1 ハイブリッド
’10 Venus
ロケット
MEXT’s Program Called
“UNIFORM”
Univ.of Tokyo Kanenori Ishibashi, Shinichi Nakasuka
Wakayama Univ. Hiroaki Akiyama
PRISM ‘09
CubeSat 03,05
Nano-JASMINE ‘11

Contents of Presentation
• Overview of Hands-on Student Satellite
Development Activities in Japan
• Significance of University micro/nano/pico-satellite
projects
• Training through CanSat program
• First access to space: Cubesat and nano-satellites
• Follow-on practical satellite projects
• UNISEC (University Space Engineering Consortium)
• UNIFORM Program
• Objectives
• Structure and contents
• Schedule
• Cooperation with STAR program

Educational Significances of
Micro/Nano/Pico-Satellite Projects
• Practical Training of Whole Cycle of Space Project
• Mission conceptualization, satellite design, fabrication,
ground test, modification, launch and operation
• Know what is important and what is not.
• Importance for Engineering Education
• Synthesis (not Analysis) of an really working system
• Feedbacks from the real world to evaluate design, test, etc.
• Learning from failures
• Education of Project Management
• Four Managements: “Time, human resource, cost and risk”
• Team work, conflict resolution, discussion, documentation
• International cooperation, negotiation, mutual understanding
• Lead to higher level space activities and industry

Example of CanSats
1999 - now

ARLISS (A Rocket Launch for
International Student Satellites)
- Annual suborbital launch experiment -
More than 500 students have been trained in CANSAT
• ARLISS 1999:Sept. 11 (Japan:2, USA:2)
• Univ.of Tokyo, Titech, Arizona State, etc.
• ARLISS 2000: July 28-29 (Japan:4, USA:3)
• ARLISS 2001: August 24-25 (Japan:5, USA:2)
• ARLISS 2002: August 2-3 (Japan:6, USA:3)
• ARLISS 2003: Sept.26-27 (Japan:6, USA:3)
• ARLISS 2004: Sept.24-25 (Japan:6, USA:3)
• ARLISS 2005: Sept.21-23 (Japan:7, USA:3)
• ARLISS 2006 Sept.20-22 (Japan:8 USA:3 Europe:1)
• ARLISS 2007 Sept.12-15 (Japan:10 USA:3 Korea:1)
• ARLISS 2008 Sept.15-20: 10 th Memorial ARLISS !
• ARLISS 2009 Sept.15-19 (Japan:12 USA:3 Korea:1)
• ARLISS 2010 Sept.13-17 (Japan:13 USA:2 Korea:1)

Access to Real Space: CubeSat Emerged
Success of CubeSat(1kg)by Univ.
Tokyo and Titech(2003.6.30)
• University level budget
• Development within 2 years
• Life time > 7 years
• Ground operations, frequency
acquisitions, launch opportunity
search processed by ourselves
• Higher level satellites(CUTE-1.7、
PRISM、NJ, SPRITE-sat)
CubeSat XI-IV & XI-V
Russian
Launch
1~50kg (Nano/pico-sat): Starting
from education, moving to practical
utilizations

Photos taken by CubeSat “XI-IV” for 7 years

UNISEC (UNIversity Space
Engineering Consortium)
• Founded in 2002, became NPO in 2003
• 47 laboratories from 38 universities: > 500 students
• 168 individual and company supporting members
• UNISEC Missions:
• Education and human resource training for space
development/utilization
• Innovative space technology “seeds” development
• Activities to be Supported:
• Micro/Nano/Pico satellites, Ground station network
• Hybrid rockets, study on space strategic plan
• Workshop, joint experiment, etc. http://www.unisec.jp

University of Tokyo Nakasuka Lab. (ISSL)
Roadmap of Nano-satellite Development
2003 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
CubeSat XI-IV
(ROCKOT) ’03/6
PRISM(Remotesensing)’09/1
(H-IIA)
30m ground resolution
Space top-science
educational
4km ground
resolution
CubeSat XI-V
(COSMOS) ’05/10
NANO-JASMINE
(astrometry) ’11
UNITEC-1
(H-IIA) ’10/5
Deep space
Hodoyoshi Sat-1
(remote sensing)
Development
launch

Remote sensing PRISM “Hitomi”
○size:8 kg 20cm×20cm×40cm
year satellite resolution wright
1999 UoSat-12
10m (pan)
32 (color)
312kg
2002 AISat 32 90
2005 TopSat 2.5 110
2009.1.23 PRISM 20~30 8.5
1/23/’09 H-IIA
piggyback launch
-Extensible, refraction optics
-OBC、bus, comm system, attitude control
system upgraded
- Bus standardization
1, 伸 展 前 2, 伸 展 中 3, 伸 展 完 了 !!

Cloud image
Sea coast of Mexico

Nano-JASMINE
Astrometry satellite developed in
collaboration with National
Astronomical Observatory of Japan
size
50[cmcubic
weight 30[kg](body)
+11[kg](PAF)
Attitude control 3-axis
Comm. speed S-band 100[kbps]
Mission life 2[year]
Same performance with ’89 HIPPARCOS
- Attitude stability (

Venture Business
Using Nano-satellites
2008.8.8 Foundation of venture
business “AXELSPACE”
- Standard nano-satellite bus for
various missions
- Satellite for “Weather News Co.”
2011 launch
PAF, Comm.
Module and Star
sensor
http://axelspace.com

New Governmental Project for Nano-satellites (2010-13)
Aiming for New paradigm
of Space Utilization based
on Nano-satellites
1New reliability concept
- “Reasonably reliable
systems engineering”
2Advanced technologies
- new idea with “different
way of realization” for
each function
- new architecture for
nano-satellites
3Process Innovation
- Standardization to reduce
cost/development time
- Test process innovation
4All Japan Consortium
- Universities/Small Industries
[ 通 Communication
信 系 ] 静 止 軌 道 に 光 中
継 衛 subsystem:
星 を 想 定 した 宇 宙 - 宇
宙 high 間 の performance
汎 用 可 動 式 光 通 信
機
RF の 搭
to 載
optical (5 年 間
link
で 基 礎 実
証 。 目 標 30Mbpsの 可 能 性
を 確 認 ⇒ 将 来 は 軌 道 上 実
証 実 験 )
Optical [ 光 学 系 subsystem:
]( 屈 折 式 ないし 反 射 式 )
in-orbit すばる 望 compensation, 遠 鏡 などで 利 用 されてい etc to
る 補 償 光 学 系 の 概 念 を、 位 相 変 調
aim 素 子
for を 利
2m 用 して
(final) 超 小
to 型
5m 衛 星
(initial)
搭 載 が
ground 可 能 になるサイズにする resolution
手 法 等 。
( 目 標 : 分 解 能 5m= 従 来 の200kg 衛
星 の 能 力 ⇒ 将 来 は2m 目 指 す)
Optical 光 ビームbeam
Deployable
[ 伸 展 展 開 機 構 ]
system:
小 さな 衛 星 を 大
concept/material
きく 使 う。 機
構 ・ 素 材 開 発
Attitude
[ 姿 勢 制 御 系 ]
control
目 標 : 安 定 度 10
subsystem:
秒 、 制 御 精 度 30
1 秒 arcmin
⇒ 将 来 は 安 定
度 3 秒 、 制 御 精 度
control
10 秒 , 地 上 の 試 験
accuracy
技 術 もあわせて
Structure/
Thermal
[ 構 造 ・ 材 料 ・ 熱 ]
subsystem:
モジュール 性 が
easy 高 く、 設 to
計 ・ 製 造
develop が 容 易 な 構 and
造 、
analyze
軽 量 高 強 度 材 料 、
熱 制 御 素 材
C&DH [ 機 上 コンピュータおよびバス]
subsystem:
耐 radiation 放 射 線 性 tolerant に 優 れた high
半 導 体 お
performance よびFPGAを 利 processor 用 ( 目 標 : and
data 20MIPS、 link
放 射 線 試 験 不 要 、 高
速 衛 星 内 通 信

UNIFORM Program

UNIFORM (UNiversity International
FOrmation Mission) as a new
scheme of International Community
• Each country develops one microsatellite
(< 50kg)
• To be operated in constellation manner
• Standardization of bus/component
• Training of satellite development is
supported by Japanese Universities
• Equipment cost partially supported by
MEXT (under study)
• Ground Station Network
• Low-cost GS is developed to realize
one GS in each country (S/X-band)
• Missions
• Common mission + individual mission
• Common mission will be determined by
discussions within community

Special Features of UNIFORM
• Not only education but also practical and
sustainable utilization is targeted:
ex) Environment monitoring (forest, CO 2
, sea …….)
ex) Space science, technology demonstration
ex) Business use……………….etc.
with hyper-spectral camera, special sensors, etc.
• Data acquisition, pre-processing and archive
for real utilization should also be considered:
• Constellation realizes short revisit interval and semireal
time data acquisition upon request
• Internet connection of GS and data archive
• Mission (how to use the data) is important !

Organization (Initial phase 2010~11)
UNIFORM Community
UNIFORM Team Japan
Wakayama Univ., Univ. of
Tokyo, NESTRA, Tokyo Univ. of
Sci, Tokyo Tech, Tohoku Univ.,
Tokyo Met Univ., et.al
Independent
participation
MicroSTAR
Participants
Take place in Japan
Educational
support
Participants from
More Countries
Ground
Station
Data
Archive
Framework
Develop
Micro-sats
Joint study on
constellation mission

Schedule
2010
Initial phase
2011.4-
2012.4-
Develop
Low-cost GS
GS Network
Operation (Test)
Starting today, please join !
From April 2011
Constellation
Mission Design
Data Archive
Design
Individual
Mission Design
Satellite
Base Design
Actual Development
UNIFORM-1
&
UNIFORM-2
2013.4-
2014.4-
GS Network
Implementation
& Operation
Individual
Mission Design
Launch
UNIFORM-3
&
UNIFORM-4

Cooperation with STAR Program
Back ground
• STAR program has been lead by JAXA to develop a micro-satellite
by international collaboration especially in Asian region.
• UNIFORM has recently been selected as a new MEXT program,
aiming for development of constellation of micro-satellite by
international collaboration. The idea of the program is partly
overlapped with MicroSTAR concept.
Strategy of Cooperation
• STAR program participants will join UNIFORMsat#1 development
within fiscal 2011 year.
• UNIFORM will design a less-than-50kg class satellite on its own
concept, but will refer to the result of conceptual design of
MicroSTAR if appropriate.
If you are interested in UNIFORM Program
• Please contact JAXA representative of STAR program if you are
already involved in STAR, or directly contact Wakayama University
at: uniform_info@crea.wakayama-u.ac.jp

Background of the Project
GDP Growth
• Saturated situation in the
economy.
• The future is not so optimistic.
• We need people with new
way of thinking!
• Space education is one of the
good opportunities to create
such people.
“Lost 10 years”
We will probably loose another 10 years.
And unfortunately, more 10 years might be
lost.

Possible New Field in the Space Industry
World Salas of Space Industry
80 billion$
Others
Communications
broadcastings
World GPS Receiver Volume
14million
Asia
Europe
U.S.
Japan
• The space industry has become a part of social infrastructure:
• Very active and attractive market because it is growing 14% annually.
• GPS-related industries are growing with much higher speed.
BUT most of them are dominated by a few fixed major players.
Tips for us to be successful in the industry as miniaturized satellite player:
“Semi-Real Time Data Acquisition”
= Micro Satellite Constellation Mission

Organization (Initial phase 2010~11)
UNIFORM Community
UNIFORM Team Japan
Wakayama Univ., Univ. of
Tokyo, NESTRA, Tokyo Univ. of
Sci, Tokyo Tech, Tohoku Univ.,
Tokyo Met Univ., et.al
Independent
participation
MicroSTAR
Participants
Take place in Japan
Educational
support
Participants from
More Countries
Ground
Station
Data
Archive
Framework
Develop
Micro-sats
Joint study on
constellation mission

Any Questions

Additional Information

7 Nano/Pico-Satellites developed and
launched by Japanese universities (2003-08)
(r: Russia)
University
University of
Tokyo
Name of
Satellite
XI-IV
XI-V
Year Launcher Outlook
2003 ROCKOT(r)
2005 COSMOS(r)
Tokyo
Institute of
Technology
Hokkaido
Institute of
Technology
Nihon
University
CUTE-1
C-1.7+APD
C-1.7+APDII
2003
2006
2008
ROCKOT(r)
M-V(Japan)
PSLV (India)
HITSAT 2006 M-V(Japan)
SEEDS 2008 PSLV(India)

6 Universities launched Micro/Nano/Pico
Satellites on H-IIA Piggyback in Jan, 2009
Tohoku Univ.
SPRITE-SAT
Univ.of Tokyo
PRISM
Tokyo Metro.
College of
Aeronautics
KKS-1
Subsystem Support
-Osaka Prefect. Univ.
SOHLA-1
-Tokai University
Kagayaki
Kagawa Univ. STARS

H-IIA launched 4 university satellites
in May, 2010
Soka
University
NEGAI
Kagoshim
a Univ.
Hayate
Waseda
Univ.
Waseda-sat
UNISEC joint
project
UNITEC-1
First University
Interplanetary Probe

UNIFORM Project
University International
Formation Mission

Table of Contents
• Background
• UNIFORM Future
• UNIFORM Mission Statement
• Approach
• Where to Start

Background
• High cost, long development cycle
• To low cost and short development cycle
• Only R&D…
• To real use!
• Similar Activity in the World
• QB50
• HumSAT

UNIFORM Future
• For new entry miniaturized-satellite players to gain financially
in the field in year 2040, a deliberate strategy is indispensable
and series of appropriate tactics must be executed.
• Taking advantage of miniaturized-satellite’s characteristics,
faster cycle and higher technical innovation adaptability, in
close collaboration with new and creative data utilization ideas
it is highly possible to trigger the game change in the space
community and to become a dominant player in the new
game.
• This is not possible without cooperative efforts from
enthusiastic persons and communities. Let’s start the future
with us today!

UNIFORM Mission Statement
• Develop a standardized micro-satellite bus and satellite operation
system such that various universities/research institutes appreciate as
the base for their own micro-satellite development.
• Establish a standardized micro-satellite development process which
can be transferred to other communities or individuals as a part of
space technology transfer.
• Form a network of entry level engineers/scientists/researchers in
miniaturized-satellite communities beyond the borders. Support them
continue to develop their relationships in professional fields.
• Create a network of ground stations among participating countries to
increase the accessibility to orbital satellites. At the same time tackles
to expand the satellite data utilization market by proposing a common
data format and also exploring new and creative data usages.

UNIFORM Mission Statement
• Novelty of the project
(Contd.)
• Ready-to-use micro-satellite package.
• A standardized micro-satellite bus system.
• A standardized micro-satellite development process.
• A standardized satellite operation system.
• A common satellite data format.
• Real world satellite data application tutorials and trainings.
• Sustainability is the forefront.
• Micro-satellite application and operation will be discussed in
terms of its effectiveness and profitability.
• Fostering the successors.
• Textbook on micro-satellite application design, development,
operation, and analysis will be complied based on the first round
development and operation with some help from the participants
and will be distributed.

Approach
• The Satellite
• Specification
Weight
Size
Orbit
Launch
Operation Life
OBC
Attitude
Orbit Control
50kg (Bus 40kg, Mission 10kg)
50cm ×50cm ×50cm
Sun-synchronous Orbit (Altitude: 630 ~ 700km)
Piggy-back by H-II (assumed)
3 years (Two sats in two years to sustain the constellation)
SOI-SH4 (radiation-proof microcontroller)
3-axis stabilized, 0.1°(Control Accuracy), 0.01°(Attitude Determination)
Two-liquid type micro thruster (H2O2 + ethanol), Specific thrust :150sec
Communication
• Mission
• Earth Observation
• Constellation
S band 1kbps, Command and Telemetry
X band 30Mbps, Data downlink

Where to start
• First, join in developing standard Nano-sat in
Japan and make together
• Second, bring back the development process
to your country and make yours
• Third, constantly discussing the needs in
each country, form ground station network
and realize constellation mission together