Journal of - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine
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Journal of - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine

Journal of - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine Journal of - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine

ishim.net
15.01.2015 Views

Editing and Study Adwiyat Harf al-Thal from Taqwīm al-adwiyah almufrada Manuscript (Table of Simple Drugs) Written by Ibrāhīm b. Abī Sa`īd b. Ibrāhīm al-Maġribī al-Alā’ī (Lived in 547H/1152 A.D) Abdul Nasser KAADAN, Hesham ALAHMAD Mecca Haram Library Manuscript, No. 3595 Tibb The Drugs in Complementary and Homeopathic Medicine: ISHIM 2011-2012 Dardar (Tharthar) (10) COMPOUNDS: Mucilage: yielding mainly D-galactose, L-rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid after hydrolysis. Tannins (3%). Caffeic acid derivatives: chlorogenic acid. Sterols: including, among others, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol. EFFECTS, INDICATIONS AND USAGE: The drug has diuretic and astringent properties. Unproven Uses: Internally, the drug is used for digestive disorders and severe cases of diarrhea. Externally, it is used to treat open wounds. CONTRAINDICATIONS, PRECAUTIONS AND AD- VERSE REACTIONS: No health hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. MODE OF ADMINISTRATION AND PREPARATION: Elm bark is used both internally and externally in various preparations. The ground bark is used for infusions. A decoction from the bark can be prepared using 2 teaspoons of the drug per cup of water. Externally, a 20% decoction is used, which is diluted 1:1 with water. DAILY DOSE: The dosage of the decoction prepared from die bark is 1 cup 2 to 3 times daily. In powder form, a dose of 2 to 5 gm may be taken daily. Thanab al-khail (10) (11) (12) COMPOUNDS: Flavonoids: (0.6 to 0-9%): apigenin-5-0- glucoside, genkwanin-5-O-glucoside, aempferol-3,7-di- 0-glucoside, kaempferol-3-0-(6’-0-malonyl-glucoside)- 7-0-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, luteolin-5- 65

Abdul Nasser KAADAN, Hesham ALAHMAD O-glucoside, quercetin- 3-O-glucoside. Caffeic acid ester (up to 1%): including chlorogenic acid, dicoffeoyl-mesotartaric acid. Silicic acid (5 to 7.7%): to some extent watersoluble. Pyridine alkaloids: nicotine (traces), palustrine (in the gamatophytes and in the rhizome styrolpyrone glucosides, including equisetumpyrone). EFFECTS, INDICATIONS AND USAGE: Horsetail has a mild diuretic and spasmolytic action in animal tests. The flavonoids and silicic acid contribute to the astringent effect. Indications Approved by Commission E: Infections of the urinary tract, Kidney and bladder stones, Wounds and burns. Internal preparations are used for post-traumatic and static edema, flushing-out therapy for bacterial and inflammatory diseases of the lower urinary tract and renal stones. It is used externally as a supportive treatment for poorly healing wounds. Unproven Uses: In folk medicine, Equisetum arvense is used for tuberculosis, as a catarrh in the kidney and bladder regions, as a hematostatic for profuse menstruation, nasal, pulmonary and gastric hemorrhages, for brittle fingernails and loss of hair, for rheumatic diseases, gout, poorly healing wounds and ulcers, swelling and fractures and for frostbite. CONTRAINDICATIONS, PRECAUTIONS AND AD- VERSE REACTIONS: Horsetail is contraindicated in patients who have edema due to impaired heart and kidney function. Health risks or side effects following the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages are not recorded. A doctor should be consulted when the drug is utilized as a bath additive in cases of major skin lesions, acute skin lesions of unknown origin, major feverish and infectious diseases, cardiac insufficiency and hypertonia. MODE OF ADMINISTRATION AND PREPARATION: Comminuted herb for infusions and other galenic preparations are available for oral administration. Comminuted herb for decoctions and other galenic preparations are used externally. To make a tea. pour 200 ml boiling water over 2 to 3 gm drug and boil for 5 minutes. Strain after 10 to 15 minutes. To make an infusion, use 1.5 gm drug per 1 cup water. A liquid extract is prepared in a 1:1 ratio in 25% alcohol. DAILY DOSE: 6 g drug. The drug should be administered with plenty of fluids. The internal dosages are as follows: Infusion — 2 to 4 g. Liquid extract — 1 to 4 ml 3 times daily. Tea — 2-3 g per cup repeatedly during the day between mealtimes. External use: Compresses: 10 g drug to 1 liter. Homeopathic Dosage: 5 drops, 1 tablet or 10 globules every 30 to 60 minutes (acute) or 1 to 3 times a day (chronic); parenterally: 1 to 2 ml 3 times daily. Editing and Study Adwiyat Harf al-Thal from Taqwīm al-adwiyah al-mufrada Manuscript (Table of Simple Drugs) Written by Ibrāhīm b. Abī Sa`īd b. Ibrāhīm al-Maġribī al-Alā’ī (Lived in 547H/1152 A.D) Tharareeh (9) COMPOUNDS: containing not less than 0.6% of cantharidin. Cantharidin is: Hexahydro-3aα,7aα-dimethyl-4β,7βepoxyisobenzofuran- 1,3-dione. C10H12O4. EFFECTS, INDICATIONS AND USAGE: externally as rubefacients, counter-irritants, and vesicants. They should not be taken internally or applied over large surfaces owing to the risk of absorption. The use of cantharides in cosmetic products is prohibited in the UK by law. CONTRAINDICATIONS, PRECAUTIONS AND AD- VERSE REACTIONS: After ingestion of cantharides there is burning pain in the throat and stomach, difficulty in swallowing, nausea, vomiting, haematemesis, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhoea, tenesmus, renal pain, frequent micturition, haematuria, uraemia, severe hypotension, and circulatory failure. Oral doses of cantharidin of less than 65 mg have been lethal. A dose of 1 mg or contact with one insect can produce distressing symptoms. Skin contact results in blisters. MODE OF ADMINISTRATION AND PREPARATION: Externally and Internally. DAILY DOSE: A solution of 0.7% in flexible collodion is applied for the removal of warts and molluscum contagiosum. Gold (9) COMPOUNDS: Gold salts or metallic gold. EFFECTS, INDICATIONS AND USAGE: The main use of metallic gold in health care is now in dentistry. Gold may also be used as a colouring agent for some foodstuffs. In the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, gold is used in the form of compounds such as auranofin aurothioglucose, and sodium aurothiomalate. The radionuclide gold-198 is used in radiopharmaceuticals. CONTRAINDICATIONS, PRECAUTIONS AND AD- VERSE REACTIONS: There have been rare reports of hypersensitivity reactions to metallic gold. MODE OF ADMINISTRATION AND PREPARATION: Externally and Internally, metallic and salt. DAILY DOSE: Due to the compound. Conclusions The author explained five drugs in this chapter “BAB Adwiyah Harf al-Thal”, two of the drugs are of plant origin, two of them are of animal origin, the last is of non-organic origin. 66 ISHIM 2011-2012

Editing and Study Adwiyat Harf al-Thal from Taqwīm al-adwiyah almufrada<br />

Manuscript (Table <strong>of</strong> Simple Drugs) Written by Ibrāhīm b. Abī<br />

Sa`īd b. Ibrāhīm al-Maġribī al-Alā’ī (Lived in 547H/1152 A.D)<br />

Abdul Nasser KAADAN, Hesham ALAHMAD<br />

Mecca Haram Library Manuscript, No. 3595 Tibb<br />

The Drugs in Complementary and<br />

Homeopathic <strong>Medicine</strong>:<br />

ISHIM 2011-2012<br />

Dardar (Tharthar) (10)<br />

COMPOUNDS: Mucilage: yielding mainly D-galactose,<br />

L-rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid after hydrolysis. Tannins<br />

(3%). Caffeic acid derivatives: chlorogenic acid. Sterols: including,<br />

among o<strong>the</strong>rs, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol.<br />

EFFECTS, INDICATIONS AND USAGE: The drug has diuretic<br />

and astringent properties.<br />

Unproven Uses: Internally, <strong>the</strong> drug is used <strong>for</strong> digestive<br />

disorders and severe cases <strong>of</strong> diarrhea. Externally, it is used<br />

to treat open wounds.<br />

CONTRAINDICATIONS, PRECAUTIONS AND AD-<br />

VERSE REACTIONS: No health hazards or side effects are<br />

known in conjunction with <strong>the</strong> proper administration <strong>of</strong><br />

designated <strong>the</strong>rapeutic dosages.<br />

MODE OF ADMINISTRATION AND PREPARATION:<br />

Elm bark is used both internally and externally in various<br />

preparations.<br />

The ground bark is used <strong>for</strong> infusions. A decoction from<br />

<strong>the</strong> bark can be prepared using 2 teaspoons <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> drug per<br />

cup <strong>of</strong> water. Externally, a 20% decoction is used, which is<br />

diluted 1:1 with water.<br />

DAILY DOSE: The dosage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> decoction prepared from<br />

die bark is 1 cup 2 to 3 times daily. In powder <strong>for</strong>m, a dose<br />

<strong>of</strong> 2 to 5 gm may be taken daily.<br />

Thanab al-khail (10) (11) (12)<br />

COMPOUNDS: Flavonoids: (0.6 to 0-9%): apigenin-5-0-<br />

glucoside, genkwanin-5-O-glucoside, aempferol-3,7-di-<br />

0-glucoside, kaempferol-3-0-(6’-0-malonyl-glucoside)-<br />

7-0-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, luteolin-5-<br />

65

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