Journal of - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine
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Journal of - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine

Journal of - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine Journal of - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine

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Oral Hygiene and Miswak: in the Light of Graeco- Islamic Medicine Ahsan ILAH, M. Saad A. KHAN and Q. Hasan LARI 4. Park K: Preventive and Social Medicine. 19 th Edition. Jabalpur: M/s Banrasidas Bhanot Publishers 1167, Prem Nagar; 2008: 552. 5. Prakash C S J: Sports Medicine. 1 st Edition. J P Brothers Medical Publication Pvt. Ltd. Darya Ganj, New Delhi; 2003: 180. 6. Health and fitness. City Express within the New Indian Express. Tuesday April 01, 2008: 3, 4. 7. Ummul Fazal, M. A. Razzaq: Tibbe Unani Me Gharelu Advia, CCRUM. Dept of AYUSH, Ministry of H & FW. Govt. of India; New Delhi; 1989: 160. 8. Imamuddin Z: Gharelu Karamad Ghizai Nuskhy. Idara Kitab Ul Shifa, 2075, Masjid Nahar Khan, Street Kucha Chelan, Dariya Ghanj, New Delhi; 2006: 165. 9. http://www.hidaya.org/documents/healthcare/PersonalHygiene.pdf (cited on 15.03.08) 10. http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/BHCV2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/ Personal_hygieneOpenDocument (cited on 15.03.08) 11. Mahrban A. Baroti: Islam Me Safai Ki Ahmiyat, Maktaba Faize Ashraf, Jalalabad, Muzaffar Nagar, U.P. India; 154-155. 12. Tibbi Digest Alshifa. 2075, Masjid Nahar Khan, Street Kucha Chelan, Dariya Ghanj, New Delhi; Feb. 2005: 27-28. 13. Ibn Hubbal Baghdadi: Kitab-al-Mukhtarat Vol. 1. CCRUM. Dept of AYUSH, Ministry of H& FW. Govt. of India. New Delhi; 2005: 257. 14. Zakariya Razi: Kitabul Mansoori. CCRUM. Dept of AYUSH, Ministry of H & FW. Govt. of India; New Delhi; 1991: 158,171-172, 214. 15. http://www.unilever.com.au/ourvalues/nutritionhygienepersonalcare/hygieneandpersonalcare/personalhygiene/ (cited on 15.03.08) 16. The holy Quran, English translation printed by the custodian of the two holy mosques king fahad complex for the printing of the holy Quran. P.O. Box 3561, Al- Madina Al- Munawarah; 2:225. 17. Muslim Ibn-e-Hajjaj: Sahih Muslim, Vol.1. Dar Ihya Al Turas Al rabi; 203. 18. www.cresentlife.com/wellness/oral_hygiene.htm 19. Mohammad Ibn-e-Yazid Qazwini: Sunan Abi Maja, Vol. 1. Dar Ihya Al Turas Al Arabi, Berut; 167. 20. Ahmad B. S. B. A: Sunan Nasae Al Mujtaba, Vol. 1. Dar Ihya Al Turas Al Arabi, Berut; 10. 21. Mohammad bin Ismail: Sahih Albukhari, Vol.1. Farid Book Depot. Pvt. Ltd; Delhi; 303. 22. www.iberr.org/rituals.htm 23. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miswak (cited at 01.10.11) 24. Usaiba I. A: Uyoon Alamba fi Tabqatil Atibba. Vol. I. CCRUM. Dept of AYUSH, Ministry of H & FW. Govt. of India; New Delhi; 1990:242. 25. Mohammad Ameen Ibn Umar: Raddul Muhtar (Fatawa shami), Zakariya Book Depot. Deoband, Saharanpur, UP; 1996: 84-85, 233, 235-236. 26. Ahmad Raza Bijnori: Anwar-ul-Bari, Vol. 8, Rabbani Book Depot. Delhi; 2006: 8, 189-190. 27. A. A. M. Abi Shaiba: Ibn Abi Shaiba, Vol. 2. Majlis-ul-Ilmi, South Africa. Published at Darul Qurtuba. Bairut; 2006: 170. 28. A. I. Ismail Tahtawi: Hashya Tahtawi Ala Mraqiulflah. Darulkitab, Deoband, Saharanpur, UP, India; 68-69, 682. 29. Imam Ghazali: Ahyaul Uloom (Urdu), Darulkitab, Deoband, Saharanpur, UP. India; 315. 30. Muslim Ibn-e-Hajjaj: Muslim Shareef. Vol. 1, Maktaba Darussalam, Saharanpur, UP, India; 128. 31. N. Q. K. Bahadur: Mazahir-e-Quq.Vol.1. Idara Islamyat Deoband, Saharanpur, UP, India; 1986: 373. 32. M. A. Qari: Mirqat. Vol. 2. Maktaba Nooriya, Madni Masjid. Deoband, Saharanpur, UP, India; 3. 33. M. Irshad: Miswak ke fazail aur uske dini wa dunyawi fawaid wa barkat. Fareed Book Depot Pvt. Ltd. 422, Matya Mahal, Urdu Market, Jama Masjid, Delhi; 2000: 41, 43,62-64. 34. Ahsan Ilahi: Usool wa Tadabeer-e-Hifzan-e-Sehat. Published by Nayi Awaz, a branch of Maktaba Jamia Ltd. Jamia Nagar, New Delhi; 2010: 124-126. 35. Abu Marwan MIZ: Kitabal AL Taisir fil Mudawat wat Tadbeer. CCRUM. Dept of AYUSH, Ministry of H & FW. Govt. of India, New Delhi; 1986: 15. 36. Ghani N. H: Khazainul Advia (Encyclopedia of Eastern Medicine). Idara Kitabul Shifa, 2075, Masjid Nahar Khan, Street Kucha Chelan, Dariya Ghanj, New Delhi; 598, 919. 37. Saleem A. S: Shahad. Idara Isha’ate Diniyat Pvt. Ltd, Hazarat Nizamuddin, New Delhi; 1995: 99. ISHIM 2011-2012 49

A Review of Some Drugs Mentioned in the Texts of Islamic Scriptures (Holy Quran and Ahadith) Ashfaq AHMAD*, Ala NARAYANA** *M. D., Research Officer Unani, (Corresponding Author), **Ph. D, Director, National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage, 3rd floor, OMC Building Putlibowli, Hyderabad- 95, India. e-mail: drashfaq.ccras@gmail.com Summary An important period in the history of science is the Arabian period. The Arabs inherited the Greek culture and Greek scientific thought. After the advent of Islam, Unani System of Medicine got enriched also by imbibing what was mentioned in the Holy Quran and Ahadith. (Ahadith: plural of Hadith, the traditions relating to the life and teachings of Prophet Mohammad ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص PBUH) The Quran however, is not a book of science but a book of ‘signs’ Ayats. There are more than six thousand ‘signs’ in The Quran of which more than a thousand deal with science. It is impossible for a man gifted with limited approach to cover the infinite knowledge present in Glorious Quran and Tra- ‏.(ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص ditions of last messenger of God (Prophet Mohammad However some of the fantastic, scientifically substantiated discoveries regarding the medical science derived from these scriptures. There are innumerable scientific facts present in the Quran and Hadith. نينجلا ملع,(‏Physiology‏)‏ Manafeul-Aza ءاضعالا عف انم,‏example Many branches of Medical Sciences can be procured from Quran and Ahadith, for Ilmul-Janeen ت اجل اعم,(‏Embryology‏)‏ Moalejat تحص ن اظفح,(‏Therapeutics‏)‏ Hifzane-Sehat (Preventive and Social سفنلا ملع,(‏medicine Ilmun-Nafs هيودالا ملع,(‏Psychiatry‏)‏ Ilmul-Advia (Pharmacology). Main emphasis is given in this article on Ilmul-Advia (Pharmacology) therefore some drugs of the Unani Materia Medica described in the texts of Holy Quran and Ahadith has been discussed in this article. Only authentic Ahadith confirmed by its reputed scholars are referred to make the paper more genuine, in this regard Arabic main texts from Holy Quran and Ahadith also have been quoted. Key Words: Ilmul Advia, Scripture, Holy Quran, Ahadith. Introduction History bears ample testimony to the far reaching significance and influence which the early Muslims have impressed on the scientific thought. Our early scientists brought to bear on the stream of human thought and progress, observations, experiments and traditions which broke an altogether new ground which is not at all surprising. The Glorious Quran and Hadith liberated the human mind from the shackles of superstitions and taboos. Inhabitant of the terra firma, they regarded the sky as the limit. Inspired by the commandments of Almighty God and the teachings of the Holy Prophet they became transformed mentally and spiritually, human history has yet to see such a transformation. Holy Prophet made it compulsory for every Muslim ةضيرف ملعلا بلط‘‏ male or female to seek knowledge ‘quest for ‏‹نمؤملا ةلاض ةمكحلأ›‏ and also said ‏‹ملسم لك ىلع knowledge and wisdom is the birth right of every Muslim. ‏َةَمٱِحٱلٱ ‏َتٱؤُي نَمَو says ‏(ىلاعتو هناحبس)‏ Allah Hik- ‘who was blessed ٱاٱًريِثَٱ اٱًرٱيَخ ‏َىِتوُأ ٱدَقَف mah ‘wisdom’, blessed the very righteous thing in the universe’ (Al-Quran, 2:269, it indicates chapter no. 02 and verse 269. the same notation is followed throughout the paper), Quran says ٱمَلٱعَي ٱمَل اَم ‏َناَسٱنِاٱلا ‏َمَّلَع ‘Allah taught the human being what he did not ‏(ىلاعتو هناحبس)‏ know’ (Al-Quran, 96:5). Allah هناحبس)‏ ‏(ىلاعتو instructed human beings ‏َنوُمَلٱعَت اَل ٱمُتنُك نِإ ‏ِرٱكِّذلٱ ‏َلٱهَأ ‏ْاٱوُلَٱٱسَف ‘ask the learned men if you do not have knowledge’ (Al- Quran, 16:43). The human reason, logic and science are given primacy in present age. Any scripture claiming to be a divine revelation must also be acceptable on the strength of its own reason and logic. Noble Prize winner Albert Einstein says “Science without religion is lame, Religion without science is blind”. 9 Analysis of the Quran and Hadith is going on and important information of modern sciences have been derived from Quran like astronomy, physics, geography, geology, oceanology, biology, botany, zoology, medical sciences, general sciences etc. 50 ISHIM 2011-2012

Oral Hygiene and Miswak: in <strong>the</strong> Light <strong>of</strong><br />

Graeco- <strong>Islamic</strong> <strong>Medicine</strong><br />

Ahsan ILAH, M. Saad A. KHAN and Q. Hasan LARI<br />

4. Park K: Preventive and Social <strong>Medicine</strong>. 19 th Edition. Jabalpur: M/s<br />

Banrasidas Bhanot Publishers 1167, Prem Nagar; 2008: 552.<br />

5. Prakash C S J: Sports <strong>Medicine</strong>. 1 st Edition. J P Bro<strong>the</strong>rs Medical Publication<br />

Pvt. Ltd. Darya Ganj, New Delhi; 2003: 180.<br />

6. Health and fitness. City Express within <strong>the</strong> New Indian Express. Tuesday<br />

April 01, 2008: 3, 4.<br />

7. Ummul Fazal, M. A. Razzaq: Tibbe Unani Me Gharelu Advia,<br />

CCRUM. Dept <strong>of</strong> AYUSH, Ministry <strong>of</strong> H & FW. Govt. <strong>of</strong> India; New<br />

Delhi; 1989: 160.<br />

8. Imamuddin Z: Gharelu Karamad Ghizai Nuskhy. Idara Kitab Ul<br />

Shifa, 2075, Masjid Nahar Khan, Street Kucha Chelan, Dariya Ghanj,<br />

New Delhi; 2006: 165.<br />

9. http://www.hidaya.org/documents/healthcare/PersonalHygiene.pdf<br />

(cited on 15.03.08)<br />

10. http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/BHCV2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/<br />

Personal_hygieneOpenDocument (cited on 15.03.08)<br />

11. Mahrban A. Baroti: Islam Me Safai Ki Ahmiyat, Maktaba Faize<br />

Ashraf, Jalalabad, Muzaffar Nagar, U.P. India; 154-155.<br />

12. Tibbi Digest Alshifa. 2075, Masjid Nahar Khan, Street Kucha Chelan,<br />

Dariya Ghanj, New Delhi; Feb. 2005: 27-28.<br />

13. Ibn Hubbal Baghdadi: Kitab-al-Mukhtarat Vol. 1. CCRUM. Dept <strong>of</strong><br />

AYUSH, Ministry <strong>of</strong> H& FW. Govt. <strong>of</strong> India. New Delhi; 2005: 257.<br />

14. Zakariya Razi: Kitabul Mansoori. CCRUM. Dept <strong>of</strong> AYUSH, Ministry<br />

<strong>of</strong> H & FW. Govt. <strong>of</strong> India; New Delhi; 1991: 158,171-172, 214.<br />

15. http://www.unilever.com.au/ourvalues/nutritionhygienepersonalcare/hygieneandpersonalcare/personalhygiene/<br />

(cited on 15.03.08)<br />

16. The holy Quran, English translation printed by <strong>the</strong> custodian <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

two holy mosques king fahad complex <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> printing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> holy<br />

Quran. P.O. Box 3561, Al- Madina Al- Munawarah; 2:225.<br />

17. Muslim Ibn-e-Hajjaj: Sahih Muslim, Vol.1. Dar Ihya Al Turas Al rabi;<br />

203.<br />

18. www.cresentlife.com/wellness/oral_hygiene.htm<br />

19. Mohammad Ibn-e-Yazid Qazwini: Sunan Abi Maja, Vol. 1. Dar Ihya<br />

Al Turas Al Arabi, Berut; 167.<br />

20. Ahmad B. S. B. A: Sunan Nasae Al Mujtaba, Vol. 1. Dar Ihya Al Turas<br />

Al Arabi, Berut; 10.<br />

21. Mohammad bin Ismail: Sahih Albukhari, Vol.1. Farid Book Depot.<br />

Pvt. Ltd; Delhi; 303.<br />

22. www.iberr.org/rituals.htm<br />

23. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miswak (cited at 01.10.11)<br />

24. Usaiba I. A: Uyoon Alamba fi Tabqatil Atibba. Vol. I. CCRUM. Dept<br />

<strong>of</strong> AYUSH, Ministry <strong>of</strong> H & FW. Govt. <strong>of</strong> India; New Delhi; 1990:242.<br />

25. Mohammad Ameen Ibn Umar: Raddul Muhtar (Fatawa shami), Zakariya<br />

Book Depot. Deoband, Saharanpur, UP; 1996: 84-85, 233, 235-236.<br />

26. Ahmad Raza Bijnori: Anwar-ul-Bari, Vol. 8, Rabbani Book Depot.<br />

Delhi; 2006: 8, 189-190.<br />

27. A. A. M. Abi Shaiba: Ibn Abi Shaiba, Vol. 2. Majlis-ul-Ilmi, South Africa.<br />

Published at Darul Qurtuba. Bairut; 2006: 170.<br />

28. A. I. Ismail Tahtawi: Hashya Tahtawi Ala Mraqiulflah. Darulkitab,<br />

Deoband, Saharanpur, UP, India; 68-69, 682.<br />

29. Imam Ghazali: Ahyaul Uloom (Urdu), Darulkitab, Deoband, Saharanpur,<br />

UP. India; 315.<br />

30. Muslim Ibn-e-Hajjaj: Muslim Shareef. Vol. 1, Maktaba Darussalam,<br />

Saharanpur, UP, India; 128.<br />

31. N. Q. K. Bahadur: Mazahir-e-Quq.Vol.1. Idara Islamyat Deoband, Saharanpur,<br />

UP, India; 1986: 373.<br />

32. M. A. Qari: Mirqat. Vol. 2. Maktaba Nooriya, Madni Masjid. Deoband,<br />

Saharanpur, UP, India; 3.<br />

33. M. Irshad: Miswak ke fazail aur uske dini wa dunyawi fawaid wa barkat.<br />

Fareed Book Depot Pvt. Ltd. 422, Matya Mahal, Urdu Market,<br />

Jama Masjid, Delhi; 2000: 41, 43,62-64.<br />

34. Ahsan Ilahi: Usool wa Tadabeer-e-Hifzan-e-Sehat. Published by Nayi<br />

Awaz, a branch <strong>of</strong> Maktaba Jamia Ltd. Jamia Nagar, New Delhi; 2010:<br />

124-126.<br />

35. Abu Marwan MIZ: Kitabal AL Taisir fil Mudawat wat Tadbeer.<br />

CCRUM. Dept <strong>of</strong> AYUSH, Ministry <strong>of</strong> H & FW. Govt. <strong>of</strong> India, New<br />

Delhi; 1986: 15.<br />

36. Ghani N. H: Khazainul Advia (Encyclopedia <strong>of</strong> Eastern <strong>Medicine</strong>).<br />

Idara Kitabul Shifa, 2075, Masjid Nahar Khan, Street Kucha Chelan,<br />

Dariya Ghanj, New Delhi; 598, 919.<br />

37. Saleem A. S: Shahad. Idara Isha’ate Diniyat Pvt. Ltd, Hazarat Nizamuddin,<br />

New Delhi; 1995: 99.<br />

ISHIM 2011-2012<br />

49

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