Journal of - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine

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M. Manzar ALAM, A. MANNAN, Misbahuddin SIDDIQUE and Ahsan ILAHI Hijamah (Cupping): A Graeco-Islamic Perspective Therapy shows dramatic effects when it is applied on such type of organs or areas which has lost their sensation and movements. It is beneficial in the drainage of pus from any deep abscess. Non-invasive cupping plays an important role in the pain relief in different ailments. Conclusion In this paper, we discussed various dimensions of cupping from which one can fully understand the technique and can be able to perform it nicely. References 1. Kabeer Uddin. Kulliyat-e-Advia. Part-1, Matba Daftar-Al-Maseeh, Hyaderabad Deccan; 1951. 2. -www.electronicmedicine@emed.htm 3. Zakariya Rhazi. kitab-AI-Mansoori. CCRUM, New Delhi; 1991. 4. Ibn Sina .Al-Qanoon Part-1 urdu translation by Syed Ghulam Hussain, Matba Munshi Naval Kishor, Lucknow;1930. 5. Jurjaani Ahmad-ul-Hassan. Zakhira Khwarzam Shahi Vol-1. Urdu translation by Hadi Hussain Khan, Matba Nami Munshi Nawal Kishore, Lucknow 1920. 6. Ibn-Habal, Abul Hasan Ali Bin Ahmad Baghdadi. Kitab-ul- Mukhataraat Fil-Tib. Vol-1; CCRUM, New Delhi. 7. Hkm Kabir-Uddin. Kulliyat-e-Nafisi, Vol-I. Matba Daftar-Al-Maseeh Bazal Noor Al-Amar, Hyedrabad Deccan, 1954. 8. Al-Kutub-al-sittah (Encyclopedia of Hadith, Sahih-Al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abudaood, Jame-Al-Tirmezi, Sunan-An- Nasai,Sunan-Ibn-e-Majah), 3 rd edition. Darussalam-lil-Nasar wa Tarzia, Makka, Saudi Arabia, 2000: Ahadith no. 1837, 1938-1940, 2886, 3848, 3857-3859, 3861-3862, 3864, 5680, 5683, 5691, 5696-5698, 5700, 5742. 9. Chandpuri Kausar. Mujiz-Al-Qanoon. Matba Taraqqi Urdu Beauru, New Delhi; 1984:170. 10. Gazrooni, Sadeed Uddin. Kulliyat-e-Sadeedi. (Urdu translation by Syed Abid Hussain), Matba Munshi Naval Kishor, Lucknow; 1911:182-183. 11. Ibn Sina. Kulliyat-e-Qanoon. (Urdu translation by Khwaja Rizwan), Matba Khwaja Barqi press, Delhi. 12. Kabeer-Uddin M. Ifaada-e-Kabeer Mufassal. Qaumi council baraye- Farogh Urdu, New Delhi; 2001:24. 13. Zahrawi, Abul Qasim, Jarahiyat-e-Zahrawiyah. (Urdu translation by Nisar Ahmad Alvi), Matba Dar-ul-Isha’at Kanpur. 14. Abul farj Ibn-ul-Kaf Al-Maseehi. Kitab-ul-Umdah Fil Jaraha. Part-I. CCRUM, Govt. of India. 15. www.jbrazier@prientalmed.fsnet.co. uk 16. Arish Sherwani, A.N. Ansari, Ansari Shabnam, Shagufta Nikhat. Hijamat: The Renaissance Masterpiece of Medical Sciences in Unani System, JISHIM, Vol.8-9 No.15-16-17-18 April / October 2009-2010: 38-41. 148 ISHIM 2011-2012
The Relation between Times Progression to Human Health in the Arabic Islamic Heritage CHALHOUB Sami *, OMRAN Taleb **, ALI Rula *** * Prof .Dr. ,The History of Basic Science Dept. Institute for the History of Arabic Science - Aleppo University e-mail :samch47@gmail.com ** Prof .Dr. Dept. of Basic Science ., Faculty of Civil Engineering - Damascus University e-mail: talebomran@yahoo.com *** Rula Ali : Postgraduate Student (Ph.D), The History of Basic Science Dept. Institute for the History of Arabic Science - Aleppo University e-mail: afraa78@scs-net.org Summary The Translation, that started by the beginning of Almansour Caliphate (136- 158 Hijri/754-775 AD), of various ancient civilizations languages into Arabic language had an important role in the introduction and development of Astrology (Ahkam al-nujum), as ancient astrological books were common within the various scientific Islamic media. Natural Astrology, that belonged to the Al-Anwā’ Science( meteorology) and was based on observing the effects of planets in the natural elements, had acquired a great popularity in the Islamic World. It avoided some traditional objections against Astrology, because being able to forecast about future meant that there was nothing to be done to improve human life, and consequently astrology would be worthless. In addition, both astrology branches: Choices (ikhtiarat) and Matters (masael) such as choosing the good days and periods and avoiding bad unlucky times for performing various tasks, or identifying various conditions to find lost things, gave a practical significance for Astrology. Therefore, it is not uncommon for Muslim Arab physicians to have interests in astronomical sciences in general, and astrology in particular since choosing the appropriate time to give a patient a proper remedy was more vital than the remedy itself. They considered it was impossible to choose the suitable time to take medications or to perform bloodletting (fsd) without physicians’ having some astronomical knowledge. Many of these physicians, such as at-Tabarī, ar-Rāzī, al-Hasan b. )al)-Bahlūl (1) , 1 allocated chapters with astronomical titles in their medical manuscripts that contributed to give their medical sciences wider scientific prospects. The importance of this study is in focusing on the subject of “Times” (Azmina) as an important practical aspect of the practical astronomy that helps to offer a clear idea for integration of sciences in the Islamic era, by studying the relation between Times Progression to the Human Health. Key Words: Times Azmina, human health, illness, hours, seasons alternations. 1 1. Introduction: Islamic astronomers allocated a large portion for the Time and Timing in their books, and they tried to interpret and clarify the reason behind its progression, and explained the difference in the time concepts between Arabs and other nations in the Islamic state. Azmina books emerged from the development of specialized Arabic Al-Anwā’ books that were ranked highly in the Arabic Islamic heritage, as a result to the extension of the state after Islam contributed in involvement of the scholars to compile them to prevent their loss within the educational and civilized diversity. Four Times (Al- Azmina al-arbaa’) were studied extensively in some of them, and so were the twelve months in both of solar and lunar years in other books. 1 The distinguished personalities names in research are written as Fuat Sezgin wrote them. One Of the clues about the importance of Azmina is that it is found within most of the astronomical issues that attracted the attention of the Arab Muslim physicians who studied the subject matter from the translation of “Hippocrates” who associated the knowledge of changes of Azmina’s states with the knowledge of illnesses’ causes . We studied some aspects of the relation between the progression of times “Taa’qub al-azmina” and the human health in the Arabic Islamic heritage, because “Azmina” were in the focus of the Arabic astronomers, scholars and physicians. 2. Times in the Arabic Islamic Heritage: Al-Marzūqī (died in 5 th Hijri century/11 th AD) gave in his book “Times and Places (Al-Azmina wa al-amkina), the definition of time under the title “A Chapter about Essence 149 ISHIM 2011-2012
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Journal of - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine

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