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Arshiya SULTANA, Khaleeq ur RAHMAN Hijamat (Cupping therapy) and Gynaecological Diseases- a Review is often effective in relieving pain. It probably explains why liniments are often useful for relief of pain. This mechanism psychogenic excitation of the central analgesia system probably also forms the basis of pain relief by acupuncture. 21 The same effect can be suggested while applying and creating suction by vacuum in dry cupping Ehtebas Tams (Amenorrhoea): Ismail Jurjani writes that in Ehtebas Tams, wet cupping is applied laterally on calf approximately 4 inch from the Shataaling. Before applying cups the patient is advised to enter in hammam (bath) and pour warm water on legs then be asked to walk. Then dry cupping is to be applied for three times followed by wet cupping. (Fig 3) At the time of wet cupping the patient is advised to keep the legs firm on the floor, when blood start to flow. This type of cupping is not only useful in amenorrhea but can be used in epilepsy, melancholia, skin diseases and sciatica. He was also of the view that if Ehtebas Tams is caused by Farbahi (obesity) or Ifraat wa Ghilzat Khoon (increase in viscosity of blood) or Mizaj Barid (cold temperament), wet cupping is to be applied on ventral part of the leg. (Fig 3) It should be applied two days before menses so that both type of Istafragh (eliminating methods) will not be mixed. On first day, cups are to be applied on the one leg and on next day it is applied on the other leg. Sometime Fasd (venesection) of saphenous vein is also useful. Legs are to be tied strongly with bandage till Shataaling. To induce menstruation, Lateef and Garam (hot) drugs are given near expected date of menstruation. 19 Ibn Sina and Akbar Arzani had the same view. 7, 22 Ibn Sina advised Hijamat bil Shurt on Kaab (calf muscle) especially in obese women. 7 Figure 3, 4 and 5 shows the procedure of wet cupping. Razi mentioned that to induce menstruation, Fasd of saphenous vein and blood letting should be applied on one leg before expected day of menses and repeated the same procedure on other leg on next day. Since, it expels less quantity of blood, Mudir Tams (emmenagogue) drugs are also used. In his opinion, Abhal (Juniperus communis Linn) and Mishktaramasee (Mentha arvensis) are very powerful Mudir Tams drugs. 20 Hijamat bila Shurt in Kasrate Tams (Menorrhagia): Hippocrates in his aphorism writes that menorrhagia treatment consists of applying cupping to the breasts. 1 Ibn Sina mentioned that in Kasrate Tams, cups are to be applied below the breasts along the line of vessel that runs to the uterus and then sucks. Cups should be big. This will stop the menstrual bleeding immediately. Menstrual bleeding will be stopped by this treatment and if it does not work then cups can be applied between the buttocks. 7 Razi was of the opinion that to stop excessive menstrual flow, cups should be applied below the breasts as the vessel from the uterus reaches here. He also said that big cups are to be applied as the uterus is having Musharikat (especial connection) with the breasts. 20 Majoosi, Ibn Rushd, Akbar Arzani and Ismail Jurjani also had the same conviction as Razi. 19, 20, 22, 23, 24 Ismail jurjani also advised Fasd Baseleq Hijamat bil shurt (wet cupping) in amenorrhoea Fig. 3: Application of dry cupping; (b) Multiple small incisions on area were dry cupping on calf 132 ISHIM 2011-2012
Hijamat (Cupping therapy) and Gynaecological Diseases- a Review Arshiya SULTANA, Khaleeq ur RAHMAN Fig. 4: Application of incised area; (d) Collection of blood in suction cup (venesection of basilica vein) to eliminate Madda Saudavi (black bile) from the body. 19 Masihi was of opinion that wet cupping on both buttocks is useful in menorrhagia. 16 Sailaan Rehm (Leucorrhoea): Ismail Jurjani described that Hijamat bila Shurt is useful in leucorrhoea. 19 Warm Rehm (Inflammation of the Uterus): Wet cupping on the thigh is useful in Warm Rehm, pain and congestion. 16, 19 Hennawy (2004) mentioned that cupping therapy is useful for blood disorders, pain relief, inflammatory con- ditions, mental and physical relaxation, varicose veins and deep tissue massage and quotes up to 50% improvement in fertility levels. 6 Current Use of Cupping Therapy: Traditional or complementary and alternative systems of medicine (TM or CAM) are very fast growing branches of medicine attracting practitioners as well as general population globally. According to WHO 65 to 80% worlds population are using traditional medicine as primary treat- Fig. 5: (e) Collection of blood and removing of vacuum cup; (f) After removal of cup. ISHIM 2011-2012 133
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Journal of - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine

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