Journal of - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine
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Journal of - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine

Journal of - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine Journal of - International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine

ishim.net
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İbrahim İmran ÖZTAHTALI, Gülay DURMAZ The Curing Power of the Old Thermal Spring Mentioned in Murad Emrî Efendi’s “Bursa’s Natural Thermal Springs” REFERENCES (Endnotes) 1. Bursa Encyclopedia, Murad Emrî article by: Yılmaz AKKILIÇ, BURFED Publications No 3, Bursa 2002, pg.644; İbnülemin Mahmut Kemal İNAL, Last Century Turkish Poets, Dergâh Publications, C.I, İstanbul 1988, pg.315; Raif KAPLANOĞLU, Poets, Writers and celebrities of Bursa encyclopedia, Eurasia Entongraphy Foundation No:5, İstanbul 1998, pg. 129; Mehmed Nâil TUMAN, Tuhfe-i Nâilî, Divan Şairlerinin Muhtasar Biyografileri, prep.Cemal KURNAZ-Mustafa TATCI, Bizim Büro Publications, pg. 60, no: 216, Ankara 200. 2. İbrahim İmran ÖZTAHTALI, Bursalı Murad Emrî Efendi and his collected poems, Gazi University Social Sciences Institute, un published doctoral thesis, Ankara 2010, pg.18. 3. Mülazım Abdülkadir, Bursa History Guide, prep.:Mehmet Fatif BİRGÜL-Levent Ali ÇANAKLI, Bursa Special Provincial Administration, İstanbul 2008, pg. 203. 4. Favâid, Mukaddime, pg. 2. 5. The doctor mentioned, Hâzık: is Dr. Bernar. 126 ISHIM 2011-2012

Hijamat (Cupping therapy) and Gynaecological Diseases-a Review *Arshiya SULTANA Lecturer, Dept. of Amraze Niswan wa Ilmul Qabalat National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore - Karnataka (India) e-mail: drarshiya@yahoo.com Khaleeq ur RAHMAN Reader, Dept. of Ilmul Advia, H.M.S Unani Medical College, Tumkur, Karnataka (India) Summary Unani medicine is a holistic medicine, which aims not only to correct the present disturbances but also to make the individual emerge after recovery with a greater power of resistance to future disturbances. The management of any disease depends on the cause, aggravating factors, pathogenesis, pathology, and clinical manifestations. The principle of treatment is elimination of the cause, normalization of humours and of tissues/organs. The mode of treatment is by Ilaj bil Ghiza, Ilaj bit Tadbeer, Ilaj bil Advia and Ilaj bil Yad. Hijamat is one of the Ilaj bit Tadbeer (Unani regimental therapies) used for local evacuation or shunting of morbid humours. In this therapy, cups are applied to the surface of the skin through negative pressure created by the vacuum. Hijamat bila Shurt (Dry cupping) works on the principle of Imalae Mawaad (Shunting) that shunts away the morbid matter responsible for disease from the affected place, whereas Hijamat bil Shurt (Wet cupping) get rids of the morbid matter from the affected side by letting down the sufficient quantity of morbid Akhlat and this procedure is known as Tanqiyae Mawaad.. The clinical trials on practice of cupping therapy in different pain conditions and other general diseases are documented. Though, the classical texts are enriched with practice of hijamat in different gynaecological diseases, it is not in regular use, and moreover clinical trials are not documented. Thus, it need of the hour to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of hijamat in gynaecological diseases in the light of classical literature. Key Words: Unani Medicine; Cupping; Hijamat; Gynaecological diseases Introduction: Unani medicine is a holistic medicine taking into account of patient’s physical, mental, and social conditions in the treatment of illness. The basic philosophy of the Unani system is that the body is composed of matter and spirit. Human body is taken as a whole, since a harmonious life is possible only when there is a proper balance between the physical and spiritual functions. It aims not only to correct the present disturbances but also to make the individual emerge after recovery with a greater power of resistance to future disturbances. In the Unani medicine, great emphasis is laid on the human nature called, ‘Tabaiyat’ and the physician is advised to activate and follow this power and not to antagonize it. Buqrat (Hippocrates), the great Greek philosopher and physician (460 to 377 BCE) was the first, to relieve medicine from the grip of fallacy and enchantment and gave it the status of science. 1 The theoretical frame work of Unani system of medicine is based on his teachings. According to him nature heals and physician is only the nature’s assistant. His chief contribution to medical dominion is the humoural theory. This theory presupposes the presence of four humours in the human body: Dam (blood), Balgham (phlegm), Safra (yellow bile) and Sauda (black bile). These humours were assigned temperaments—blood is hot and moist, phlegm is cold and moist, yellow bile is hot and dry and black bile is cold and dry. Thus, the temperaments of a person is expressed according to the preponderance of the humour i.e. blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile in them. Every person is supposed to have the unique humoural constitution, which represents his/her healthy state. 1 Alteration and imbalance of humours cause diseases. Tabaiyat (nature of the body) spontaneously removes the morbid matter through the process of sweating, urination or defecation and maintains homeostasis of the body. When Quwwate Mudabbire Badan 2, 3 (the power of body responsible to maintain health) fails to eliminate the cause, quantitative or qualitative derangement in normal equilibrium of Akhlat (humours) occurs in the body. These abnormal ISHIM 2011-2012 127

İbrahim İmran ÖZTAHTALI, Gülay DURMAZ<br />

The Curing Power <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Old Thermal Spring Mentioned in Murad<br />

Emrî Efendi’s “Bursa’s Natural Thermal Springs”<br />

REFERENCES<br />

(Endnotes)<br />

1. Bursa Encyclopedia, Murad Emrî article by: Yılmaz AKKILIÇ,<br />

BURFED Publications No 3, Bursa 2002, pg.644; İbnülemin Mahmut<br />

Kemal İNAL, Last Century Turkish Poets, Dergâh Publications, C.I,<br />

İstanbul 1988, pg.315; Raif KAPLANOĞLU, Poets, Writers and celebrities<br />

<strong>of</strong> Bursa encyclopedia, Eurasia Entongraphy Foundation No:5,<br />

İstanbul 1998, pg. 129; Mehmed Nâil TUMAN, Tuhfe-i Nâilî, Divan<br />

Şairlerinin Muhtasar Biyografileri, prep.Cemal KURNAZ-Mustafa<br />

TATCI, Bizim Büro Publications, pg. 60, no: 216, Ankara 200.<br />

2. İbrahim İmran ÖZTAHTALI, Bursalı Murad Emrî Efendi and his<br />

collected poems, Gazi University Social Sciences Institute, un published<br />

doctoral <strong>the</strong>sis, Ankara 2010, pg.18.<br />

3. Mülazım Abdülkadir, Bursa <strong>History</strong> Guide, prep.:Mehmet Fatif<br />

BİRGÜL-Levent Ali ÇANAKLI, Bursa Special Provincial Administration,<br />

İstanbul 2008, pg. 203.<br />

4. Favâid, Mukaddime, pg. 2.<br />

5. The doctor mentioned, Hâzık: is Dr. Bernar.<br />

126<br />

ISHIM 2011-2012

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