Lung function measurements in children - copsac

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255 256 257 258 259 260 Speculations may consider differing co-infections with an agent of less virulence including bacterial colonization (64) or other viral infections. There is increasing evidence that rhinoviruses (RV) are able to cause lower airway infections and to induce wheezing in young children, and it may be as common as RSV as a cause of bronchiolitis (65-68). However, the long-term effect of this and other viral agents on lung function and symptoms later in childhood is not yet fully investigated. 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 In conclusion, we found no differential effect from severity of RSV infection on the development of asthma and allergy in MZ twin pairs discordant for RSV hospitalization in infancy. This argues against a specific effect of the severe RSV infection in the development of asthma and allergy, and may suggest an undisclosed environmental factor interacting in these genetically similar twins leading to different severity of their response to RSV infection. Because of the small sample size this study must be considered as a hypothesis generating study. 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 Abbreviations: RSV – Respiratory Syncytial Virus MZ – Monozygotic FEV 1 - Forced Expiratory Volume at first second PD20 – Dose of methacholine producing a 20 percent fall in FEV 1 sRaw – Specific Airway Resistance F E NO - Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide 276 277 12
278 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 279 280 281 282 We thank all the children and parents participating in the study. We also thank S. V. Thorsen (Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte) for statistical advice; J. Henriksen, H. Niekrenz, L. Johnsen and E. M. Raaby (Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby) for practical help. 283 284 285 286 287 Reference List (1) Collins PL, Chanock RM, Murphy BR. Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Philadelphia: Lippencott-Raven Publishers; 2001. 288 289 290 (2) Eriksson M, Bennet R, Nilsson A. Wheezing following lower respiratory tract infections with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A in infancy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2000 Aug;11(3):193-7. 291 292 (3) Glezen P, Denny FW. Epidemiology of acute lower respiratory disease in children. N Engl J Med 1973 Mar 8;288(10):498-505. 293 294 295 (4) Selwyn BJ. The epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infection in young children: comparison of findings from several developing countries. Coordinated Data Group of BOSTID Researchers. Rev Infect Dis 1990 Nov;12 Suppl 8:S870-S888. 296 297 (5) Meissner HC. Economic impact of viral respiratory disease in children. J Pediatr 1994 May;124(5 Pt 2):S17-S21. 298 299 300 301 (6) Castro-Rodriguez JA, Holberg CJ, Wright AL, Halonen M, Taussig LM, Morgan WJ, et al. Association of radiologically ascertained pneumonia before age 3 yr with asthmalike symptoms and pulmonary function during childhood: a prospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999 Jun;159(6):1891-7. 302 303 (7) McBride JT. Pulmonary function changes in children after respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy. J Pediatr 1999 Aug;135(2 Pt 2):28-32. 304 305 306 (8) Stein RT, Sherrill D, Morgan WJ, Holberg CJ, Halonen M, Taussig LM, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years. Lancet 1999 Aug 14;354(9178):541-5. 13
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Lung function measurements in child
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Contents Acknowledgements .........
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Acknowledgements The thesis was wri
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Introduction Symptoms of chronic re
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pulmonary function test obtained by
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I. Accuracy of Wholebody Plethysmog
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Methods Designs Study I: Six center
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"Loops" on the screen showed the re
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We included age in the analysis of
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Normative data (study I) Mean sRaw
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Additional results sRaw measurement
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After correcting the factory settin
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Normative data In the second part o
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II. -III. Lung function measurement
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of a diagnosis of asthma: Frequent
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Figure 8: Familial predisposition t
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Total twins 12.349 twin pairs Born
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Methods Designs Study II: Hospital
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Children less than 7 years were tes
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Ethics The two studies were approve
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FEV 0.5 (ml) Table 4: Baseline char
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lung symptoms, 19% said it was the
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symptoms in response to verified RS
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epigenetic factors. Acute environme
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detection changes in lung function
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that small airways were not the dis
Page 54 and 55: onciolitis. There is an increasing
Page 56 and 57: further studies are needed to inves
Page 58 and 59: Summary The Ph.D. thesis is based o
Page 60 and 61: Danish summary (Dansk resumé) Denn
Page 62 and 63: References Reference List (1) Lum S
Page 64 and 65: (25) Aurora P, Gustafsson P, Bush A
Page 66 and 67: (50) Klug B, Bisgaard H. Repeatabil
Page 68 and 69: (76) Meissner HC. Economic impact o
Page 70 and 71: (101) Young S, Arnott J, O'Keeffe P
Page 72 and 73: (125) Bisgaard H, Hermansen MN, Lol
Page 74 and 75: (151) Walton RP, Johnston SL. Role
Page 76 and 77: disease in otherwise healthy infant
Page 78 and 79: changes in asthma control. Am J Res
Page 81: Paper I
Page 84 and 85: CHEST Original Research Accuracy of
Page 86 and 87: Figure 1. Center agreement study: l
Page 88 and 89: observer as well as a common observ
Page 90 and 91: sRaw (kPa*s) Figure 1 Online: Cente
Page 93 and 94: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 95 and 96: 54 55 56 57 INTRODUCTION Respirator
Page 97 and 98: 97 98 99 100 Lung function test Chi
Page 99 and 100: 141 142 143 144 Mean gestational ag
Page 101 and 102: 186 187 188 189 190 The discordant
Page 103: 232 233 234 235 236 237 viruses and
Page 107 and 108: 335 336 (21) Bisgaard H, Nielsen KG
Page 109 and 110: 394 395 396 (42) Wu P, Dupont WD, G
Page 111 and 112: 455 456 457 (64) Bisgaard H, Herman
Page 113 and 114: 488 489 Table 1: Comparison of clin
Page 115: Paper III
Page 118 and 119: Abstract Background: Two-three perc
Page 120 and 121: RA 08 TSM 133; Respiratory Care Cen
Page 122 and 123: prospectively if baseline lung func
Page 124 and 125: who do not develop RSV bronchioliti
Page 126 and 127: Acknowledgements We thank all the c
Page 128 and 129: (24) ATS/ERS statement: raised volu
Page 130 and 131: (53) Stein RT, Sherrill D, Morgan W
Page 132 and 133: Figure 1: Flow chart COPSAC cohort
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