Lung function measurements in children - copsac
Lung function measurements in children - copsac Lung function measurements in children - copsac
255 256 257 258 259 260 Speculations may consider differing co-infections with an agent of less virulence including bacterial colonization (64) or other viral infections. There is increasing evidence that rhinoviruses (RV) are able to cause lower airway infections and to induce wheezing in young children, and it may be as common as RSV as a cause of bronchiolitis (65-68). However, the long-term effect of this and other viral agents on lung function and symptoms later in childhood is not yet fully investigated. 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 In conclusion, we found no differential effect from severity of RSV infection on the development of asthma and allergy in MZ twin pairs discordant for RSV hospitalization in infancy. This argues against a specific effect of the severe RSV infection in the development of asthma and allergy, and may suggest an undisclosed environmental factor interacting in these genetically similar twins leading to different severity of their response to RSV infection. Because of the small sample size this study must be considered as a hypothesis generating study. 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 Abbreviations: RSV – Respiratory Syncytial Virus MZ – Monozygotic FEV 1 - Forced Expiratory Volume at first second PD20 – Dose of methacholine producing a 20 percent fall in FEV 1 sRaw – Specific Airway Resistance F E NO - Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide 276 277 12
278 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 279 280 281 282 We thank all the children and parents participating in the study. We also thank S. V. Thorsen (Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte) for statistical advice; J. Henriksen, H. Niekrenz, L. Johnsen and E. M. Raaby (Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby) for practical help. 283 284 285 286 287 Reference List (1) Collins PL, Chanock RM, Murphy BR. Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Philadelphia: Lippencott-Raven Publishers; 2001. 288 289 290 (2) Eriksson M, Bennet R, Nilsson A. Wheezing following lower respiratory tract infections with respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A in infancy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2000 Aug;11(3):193-7. 291 292 (3) Glezen P, Denny FW. Epidemiology of acute lower respiratory disease in children. N Engl J Med 1973 Mar 8;288(10):498-505. 293 294 295 (4) Selwyn BJ. The epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infection in young children: comparison of findings from several developing countries. Coordinated Data Group of BOSTID Researchers. Rev Infect Dis 1990 Nov;12 Suppl 8:S870-S888. 296 297 (5) Meissner HC. Economic impact of viral respiratory disease in children. J Pediatr 1994 May;124(5 Pt 2):S17-S21. 298 299 300 301 (6) Castro-Rodriguez JA, Holberg CJ, Wright AL, Halonen M, Taussig LM, Morgan WJ, et al. Association of radiologically ascertained pneumonia before age 3 yr with asthmalike symptoms and pulmonary function during childhood: a prospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999 Jun;159(6):1891-7. 302 303 (7) McBride JT. Pulmonary function changes in children after respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy. J Pediatr 1999 Aug;135(2 Pt 2):28-32. 304 305 306 (8) Stein RT, Sherrill D, Morgan WJ, Holberg CJ, Halonen M, Taussig LM, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years. Lancet 1999 Aug 14;354(9178):541-5. 13
- Page 54 and 55: onciolitis. There is an increasing
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- Page 58 and 59: Summary The Ph.D. thesis is based o
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- Page 62 and 63: References Reference List (1) Lum S
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- Page 95 and 96: 54 55 56 57 INTRODUCTION Respirator
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- Page 107 and 108: 335 336 (21) Bisgaard H, Nielsen KG
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255<br />
256<br />
257<br />
258<br />
259<br />
260<br />
Speculations may consider differ<strong>in</strong>g co-<strong>in</strong>fections with an agent of less virulence <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g<br />
bacterial colonization (64) or other viral <strong>in</strong>fections. There is <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g evidence that<br />
rh<strong>in</strong>oviruses (RV) are able to cause lower airway <strong>in</strong>fections and to <strong>in</strong>duce wheez<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> young<br />
<strong>children</strong>, and it may be as common as RSV as a cause of bronchiolitis (65-68). However, the<br />
long-term effect of this and other viral agents on lung <strong>function</strong> and symptoms later <strong>in</strong><br />
childhood is not yet fully <strong>in</strong>vestigated.<br />
261<br />
262<br />
263<br />
264<br />
265<br />
266<br />
267<br />
In conclusion, we found no differential effect from severity of RSV <strong>in</strong>fection on the<br />
development of asthma and allergy <strong>in</strong> MZ tw<strong>in</strong> pairs discordant for RSV hospitalization <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>fancy. This argues aga<strong>in</strong>st a specific effect of the severe RSV <strong>in</strong>fection <strong>in</strong> the development<br />
of asthma and allergy, and may suggest an undisclosed environmental factor <strong>in</strong>teract<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><br />
these genetically similar tw<strong>in</strong>s lead<strong>in</strong>g to different severity of their response to RSV <strong>in</strong>fection.<br />
Because of the small sample size this study must be considered as a hypothesis generat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
study.<br />
268<br />
269<br />
270<br />
271<br />
272<br />
273<br />
274<br />
275<br />
Abbreviations:<br />
RSV – Respiratory Syncytial Virus<br />
MZ – Monozygotic<br />
FEV 1 - Forced Expiratory Volume at first second<br />
PD20 – Dose of methachol<strong>in</strong>e produc<strong>in</strong>g a 20 percent fall <strong>in</strong> FEV 1<br />
sRaw – Specific Airway Resistance<br />
F E NO - Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide<br />
276<br />
277<br />
12
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