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Contents
Preface
xv
1. Naturally Occurring Inorganic Nanoparticles:
General Assessment and a Global Budget for
One of Earth’s Last Unexplored Major Geochemical
Components 1
Michael F. Hochella, Jr., Deborah Aruguete, Bojeong Kim,
and Andrew S. Madden
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 The Nature of Natural Inorganic Nanoparticles:
What Makes Them Special 3
1.2.1 Catalysis by Mineral Nanoparticles 5
1.2.2 Nanomineral Dissolution 7
1.2.3 Sorption by Nanominerals 8
1.3 The Global Distribution and Movement of Naturally
Occurring Inorganic Nanoparticles 10
1.3.1 Volcanoes to Atmosphere 11
1.3.2 Oceans to Atmosphere: Sea Spray Aerosols 13
1.3.3 Continents to Atmosphere: Mineral Dust 14
1.3.4 Atmosphere to Oceans 17
1.3.5 Atmosphere to Continents 19
1.3.6 Ocean Crust to Oceans: Hydrothermal Venting 19
1.3.7 Continents to Shorelines: Rivers 23
1.3.8 Shorelines to Continental Shelves and Slopes 25
1.3.9 Continental Shelves to Open Oceans 26
1.3.10 Continents to Oceans: Glaciers 27
1.4 The Global Budget for Naturally Occurring Inorganic
Nanoparticles 31
Part I Nanominerals and Mineral Nanoparticles 43
2. Uncovering the Physical and Chemical Properties
of Nanominerals and Mineral Nanoparticles 45
R. Lee Penn
2.1 Introduction 45