geothermal development and research in iceland - Orkustofnun

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Orkugardur, Grensasvegur 9 108 Reykjavik Iceland Tel: +354 569 6000 www.os.is Arnarhvall 150 ReykjavIk Iceland Tel: +354 545 8500 www.idnadarraduneyti.is Text: Sveinbjorn Bjornsson Editor: Helga Bardadottir Design and layout: Vilborg Anna Bjornsdottir Coverphoto: NordicPhotos/ Leifur Back page photo: Oddur Sigurdsson Printing: Gudjon O April 2006 ISBN: 9979-68-186-1
1. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 6 2. Sustainable Utilization of Geothermal Resources 8 3. The Nature of Geothermal Resources 10 3.1 Geological background 10 3.2 The nature of low-temperature activity 11 3.3 The nature of high-temperature activity 11 4. Development of Utilization 13 4.1 Space heating 14 4.1.1 Fuel for heating houses 14 4.1.2 Oil comes into the picture 14 4.1.3 Electric heating 15 4.1.4 Initial use of geothermal heat 15 4.1.5 Influence of oil on energy prices 15 4.1.6 Benefits of using geothermal heat instead of oil 16 4.1.7 Equalization of energy prices 17 4.1.8 The government’s role in developing geothermal energy 18 4.1.9 Reykjavik District Heating 18 4.1.10 Sudurnes Regional Heating 19 4.2 Electric Power Generation 20 4.2.1 The Krafla Power plant 20 4.2.2 The Svartsengi Power Plant, the Blue Lagoon, and the Reykjanes Power Plant 21 4.2.3 The Nesjavellir and Hellisheidi Power plants 21 4.2.4 The Husavik Power Plant 21 4.2.5 Geothermal drilling 22 4.2.6 Harnessing deep-seated resources 22 4.3 Other utilization 24 4.3.1 Industrial uses 24 4.3.2 Greenhouses 25 4.3.3 Fish farming 26 4.3.4 Bathing 27 4.3.5 Snow melting 27 4.3.6 Heat pumps 28 5. Institutions and Companies 29 5.1 The National Energy Authority 29 5.2 Iceland GeoSurvey 30 5.3 The United Nations University Geothermal Training Program 31 5.4. International Development Aid 33 5.5 Enex 34 5.6 Export of Know-how 35 6. References 36 6.1 Publications 36 6.2 Home pages 37 6.3 List of figures and tables 37
Page 1: GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH
Page 6 and 7: 1. Introduction Iceland is a countr
Page 8 and 9: 2. Sustainable Utilization of Geoth
Page 10 and 11: 3. The Nature of Geothermal Resourc
Page 12 and 13: From Reykjadalir in the Torfajokull
Page 14 and 15: Reykjavik Energy 4.1 Space Heating
Page 16 and 17: Fig. 4. Relative share of energy re
Page 18 and 19: 4.1.8 The government’s role in de
Page 20 and 21: Fig. 7. Generation of electricity u
Page 22 and 23: service. It was one of the first of
Page 24 and 25: Helga Bardadottir 4.3 Other Utiliza
Page 26 and 27: paprika, etc.) and flowers for the
Page 28 and 29: Oddur Sigurðsson Oddur Sigurðsson
Page 30 and 31: 5.2 Iceland GeoSurvey Iceland GeoSu
Page 32 and 33: Fig. 10. Distribution of UNU Fellow
Page 34 and 35: Iceland Drilling In Uganda, ICEIDA
Page 36 and 37: 6. References 6.1 Publications Arno
Page 40: 40 April 2006

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