Recent Trends in the Usage of Herbo-Mineral Formulations in ... - IJPI

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF 

REVIEW ARTICLE 

PHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATIONS ISSN 2249-1031 

Recent Trends in the Usage of Herbo-Mineral Formulations in 

Healthcare System 

Joshi Nirali. B. * 1 , and Shankar M. B. 2 

1. Shri Jagdish Prasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Vidyanagari, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan. 

2. Shivam Pharmaceutical studies and research centre, Valasan, Anand – 388 326 

ABSTRACT: 

Ayurveda has earth-shattering in audience of worldwide on virtue of its 

holistic approach of life and its fewer side effects. Ayurvedic herbal and 

herbo-mineral preparations are used for the treatment of chronic and 

degenerative diseases without any side -effect. Herbo-mineral formulation 

uses herbs, minerals or metals as bhasmas for chronic disorders and proved 

its effectiveness. The present work is an attempt to emphasis on the benefits 

and problems associated with it. 

Key words: Ayurveda, Bhasma, Heavy metals, Herbo-mineral, Rasayana 

Tantra, Sindoora 

INTRODUCTION: 

Ayurveda is a holistic eternal 

healing science that existed in the 

universal consciousness. It is a 

science that deals not only with 

treatment of some diseases but is a 

complete way of life (1 ) . Ayurveda 

was first perceived by Brahma who 

then taught it to Daksha-Prajapati 

followed by Aswani-kumars. 

Knowledge of Ayurveda indicates 

the appropriate and inappropriate, 

happy or sorrowful condition of 

living, what is auspicious or 

inauspicious for prolonged 

existence as well as measure of life 

(2 ) . 

Formulations o f Ayurveda are 

herbal, mineral, metal and animal 

origin, which are processed 

pharmaceutically for their 

therapeutic effects. In today‟s 

scenario 80% of world‟s population 

depends on herbal drugs. According 

to WHO, Ayurvedic medicines 

come under traditional medicines 

and refers to health practices, 

approaches knowledge and beliefs 

incorporating plant, animal and 

mineral based medicines, spiritual 

therapies, manual techniques and 

*Corresponding Author 

Joshi Nirali. B. 

Volume 3, Issue 3, May − June 2013 

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exercises (Yoga and Pranayam), 

applied singularly (Herb) or in 

combination (Polyherb) to treat, 

diagnose and prevent illnesses or 

maintain well-beings (3 ) . 

Despite of tremendous advancement 

in Allopathic system of medicines, 

there are many areas in which 

allopathic medicines have failed to 

prove its effectiveness. Main 

drawback of allopathic system is its 

side effects, high cost of drugs, and 

lack of curative treatment for 

chronic diseases and reoccurrence 

of disease after stoppage of 

medication. People are losing their 

faith towards allopat hic medicines 

and going towards the use of 

traditional medicines such as 

Ayurveda, Unani, Sidha and 

Naturopathy. As per the WHO, 

about three-quarters of the world‟s 

population currently use herbs and 

other forms of traditional 

medicines to treat their diseases. 

Herbal products are natural and 

people believe it as a safe medicine 

(4 ) . 

In recent past there are occurrences 

of some doubt on safety and 

efficacy of herbal formulations as 

it is marked as a dietary 

supplement and they are regulated 

under the Dietar y Supplement 

Health and Education Act 

(DSHEA), which does not require 

proof of safety and efficacy. Herbal 

products can be as toxic as or even 

more toxic than prescription 

medicines. Due to wrong 


interpretation and question of 

safety and efficacy of the product, 

people are afraid of using herbal 

medicines. Therefore, it is 

necessary to access the quality of 

drugs based on the active 

ingredient and safety and efficacy 

of the product as per the WHO 

guidelines for formulation and raw 

material. Standardization of herbal 

drugs includes authentication of its 

identity and determination of its 

quality and purity. Standardization 

of herbal formulation is vital and 

need broader considerations as they 

are developed at time of limited 

access to technologically variable 

norms of standardization (5 ) . 

Herbal industry due to its holistic 

approach towards life and fewer 

side effects made great pace in 

India, with the co-operation 

between drug regulatory 

authorities, scientists and 

industries. Correct recognition of 

raw material is necessary for 

avoiding adulteration and to make 

it commercially available. 

Problems Associated with 

Ayurvedic Formulation 

Ayurveda is one of the world‟s 

oldest traditional medicinal systems 

and is experiencing revitalization 

among the consumers throughout the 

word. However the major drawback 

associated with Ayurveda is the lack 

of evidence based on its standard 

profile and quality and safety 

aspects of Ayurvedic formulations. 

There is a lack of data supporting 

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the efficacy of clinical trials in 

traditional medicines. Other major 

problem associated with Ayurvedic 

formulation is the loss of genetic 

biodiversity or risk of annih ilation 

(6 ) . 

Heavy metal (HM) toxicity is a 

major safety issue in Ayurvedic 

formulations and it is essential to 

evaluate them for their content. 

Table-1 provides data of Ayurvedic 

formulations containing heavy 

metals (Lead, Mercury, and/or 

Arsenic) 

(7 ) . Ayurvedic literature 

emphasizes the use of heavy metals 

in their formulation due to their 

particular biological properties for 

curing. Ayurveda has described 

specific physiochemical processes 

like sublimation, heating etc to 

detoxify the metals and to avoid its 

toxicity Heavy metals in Ayurvedic 

medicines include not only lead and 

mercury but other metals such as 

chromium, iron, zinc, nickel, 

cadmium, arsenic and tungsten. 

Amount of heavy metals and trace 

elements in Ayurvedic preparation 

depends on the geographical 

location, varying according to the 

quality of the soil, water or air 

pollution (8 ) . 

The American medical research 

community has sounded a heavy 

metal warning against Ayurvedic 

cures. Herbal products from the 

Indian system of medicine sold in 

the US contain dangerous levels of 

lead, mercury & arsenic 

(9 ) . 

Environmental impact of heavy 

metals (1 0 , 1 1 ) such as Cd, Pb, Hg 


and as it causes serious concern on 

the health of individuals. In Japan, 

Itai-itai disease (1 2 ) and Minamata 

disease (1 3 ) are caused due to the 

consumption of rice containing Cd 

and eating methyl mercury 

contaminated fish respectively. 

Table-2 gives information about 

most important disaster occurred 

with heavy metals (1 4 ) . 

Current levels of toxic metals in 

some environmental compartments 

may be high enough to constitute a 

threat to human health. Table-3 

provides data of global emission of 

trace metals into atmosphere, water 

and soil. Environmental exposure 

to low levels of lead has been 

allied with a wide range of 

metabolic disorders and 

neuropsychological deficiencies. 

Toxicity of lead at metabolic and 

cellular level in asymptomatic 

children include 

Impairments in hemoglobin, 

vitamin D and red blood cell 

nucleotide metabolism, 

Trepidations of calcium 

homeostasis in the 

hepatocytes, bone cells and 

brain cells, 

Neurological damage 

Dangerous level of cadmium in 

environment leads to intoxication 

of the kidney like tubular 

proteinuria ad renal dysfunction. 

High amount of arsenic in 

environment contaminates drinking 

water and causes skin cancer, 

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peripheral vascular disorders 

(known as black foot disease), 

hyper-pigmentation and keratosis 

(1 5 ) . Table-4 provides data of most 

commonly used metals, its toxic 

effect on human and their treatment 

(1 6 ) . 

Medicinal plants grows in nature 

can accumulate heavy metals at 

certain extent which depends on its 

individual properties and the 

concentration of HM in soil, air 

and water 

(1 7 ) . Heavy metal 

contamination is due to accidental 

contamination 

during 

manufacturing process such as 

grinding, use of lead releasing 

equipments or other manufacturing 

utensils (1 8 ) . Due to its hazardous 

effect, heavy metal content in 

plants and foodstuff must be 

limited and GMPs procedures 

should be implemented during 

manufacturing of Ayurvedic 

formulation (1 9 ) . 

Environment factors can be 

controlled by implementing 

standard operating procedures 

(SOP) leading to Good Agricultural 

Practice (GAP), Good Laboratory 

Practice (GLP), Good Supply 

Practice (GSP) and Good 

Manufacturing Practice (GMP) for 

producing medicinal products from 

herbal or natural sources. The 

public belief that herbal and natural 

products are safer than synthetic 

medicines can only be ascertained 

by imposing regulatory standards 

on herbal products that should be 


manufactured using Good Practices 

(2 0 ) . . 

Benefits of Herbo-Mineral 

Formulations 

Herbo mineral formulation uses the 

metals and minerals for chronic 

disorders in different combinations, 

dosage forms and at various levels 

of purities. Hence it is very 

essential to prepare it in a proper 

way. As per the reported data, there 

are so many herbo-mineral 

formulations available in market 

which is useful in anemia, diabetes, 

cancer, liver diseases, skin diseases 

etc. Table-5 shows the list of 

herbo-mineral formulation and its 

uses in common diseases as per 

WHO guidelines – Traditional 

medicines in Asia (2 1 ) . 

Prakash et al (2 2 ) reported Prak-20 

(judicious combination of nineteen 

herbs and Mandoor Bhasma) that is 

a potent hepato-protective herbomineral 

formulation used in 

treatment of liver ailments in CCl 4 

induced toxicity in rats. Prak -20 

treated animals had minimum 

necrotic changes after seven day 

treatment and further studies are 

required to understand its 

mechanism of action. 

Chronic urticaria (Refractory skin 

diseases) often creates a 

therapeutic challenge. Herbal 

treatment is gaining popularity in 

the treatment of chronic urticaria. 

Azad Hussain et al (2 3 ) has reported 

that Unani herbo-mineral 

formulation is effective and safe 

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for the treatment of chronic 

urticaria. It has produced 

significant effect on itching, 

wheals, and erythema without 

causing any untoward effect or 

adverse reactions. 

Scabies (Skin diseases) is very 

common skin disease found in 

urban population of Gadap town 

area or Karachi, Pakistan. Sultan 

Ayaz et al (2 4 ) has explained the 

safety and efficacy of herbal coded 

medicine, ScaNeem (Herbal coded 

medicine), for the treatment of 

scabies. The test drug was found to 

be an economical, safe and 

effective in treatment of scabies. 

Infertility is a very common 

medical problem associated with 

male person. Rajeev Kumar et at 

(2 5 ) 

has reported the use of herbo - 

mineral supplement – Addyzoa® 

(Charak Pharmaceuticals, Mumbai 

India contains Withania somnifera 

and Emblica officinalis as its 

principal constituent) in men with 

idiopathic 

oligoasthenoteratospermia (iOATs). 

The study concluded that treatment 

with Addyzoa is effective in 

improving the semen quality by 

increasing the sperm count and 

sperm motility in men with iOATs 

after 3 months of therapy. There 

was no change in the sperm 

concentrations, ROS, DFI or TAD 

levels. 

Ajit vaze (2 6 ) has described the use 

of Addyzoa herbo-mineral 

formulation in oligospermia in 

comparison with Ubiquinone 


(Coenzyme Q 10). A double-blind, 

randomized controlled trial was 

conducted and study concluded that 

treatment with Addyzoa is effective 

in improving semen quality by 

increasing the sperm count and 

sperm motilit y. The results are 

comparable with that of 

Ubiquinone on semen parameters. 

Lauha bhasma is the most widely 

used herbo-mineral formulation 

used in iron deficiency anemia. 

Verma P. R. P. and Prasad (2 7 ) have 

reported the use of lauha bahsma in 

anemia. It is better absorbed in GIT 

and devoid of the usual side effects 

associated with administration of 

the allopathic iron preparation. 

Pattonder R. K. et al 

(2 8 ) 

has 

reported the standardization and 

quality control of herbo -mineral 

drug Agnimantha Bhavita 

Shilajatu- ABS (contains 

Agnimantha and Shilajatu) and 

Trivrit Yukta Navaka Guggulu- 

TYNG (contains Shunthi, Maricha, 

Pippali, Haritaki, Vibhitaki, 

Amalaki, Chitrak, Nagarmotha, 

Vayavidanga, Suddha Gugguluand 

Trivrita). Both ABS and TYNG 

were prepared using authentic raw 

materials and subjected for 

physicochemical analysis which 

provides objective parameters to 

fix up the standards for quality 

control of finished drugs. 

Pawar R. K. and et al 

(2 9 ) 

has 

reported the physic-chemical 

standardization and development of 

HPTLC method for the 

determination of Plumbagin in 

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Kalmegh Navayasa Loha. The 

proposed HPLC method is simple, 

rapid, accurate, reproducible, 

selective and economic and can be 

used for routine quality control 

analysis of Kalmegh Navayasa loha 

powder. 

Herbo-mineral formulation showed 

remarkable improvement in quality 

of life of various cancer patients 

who have been found to be 

refractory or poor responders to 

modern chemotherapy and radiation 

treatment. Jayawardhane N. D. N. 

et al (3 0 ) has stated herbo-mineral 

treatment as an adjuvant in the 

treatment of Hepatocellular 

carcinoma (HCC) patient. Herbo - 

mineral formulations (Hemabhraka, 

Tamra Sindoora, Vanda Bhasma, 

Manikya pisti etc) are safe, cheap 

and effective in management of 

HCC and have developed a new 

clinical application in treatment of 

Cancer. 

Saba Sheikh et al (3 1 ) has reported a 

novel herbo-mineral formulation 

Las 01 (which contains a number of 

herbs and different types of 

inorganic minerals like mercury), 

to be effective as a potent 

anticancer drug in the human cell 

lines, the MCF-7 and Hela cancer 

cell lines. It is devoid of toxicity 

both in animals as well as human 

which is the main drawback of 

chemotherapeutic agents used in 

modern system of medicine. 

Badari Nath and Madhusudhana 

Chetty (3 2 ) have studied the effect 

of a herbo-mineral tablet 


(containing green tea aqueous 

extract and Sodium selenite) for 

chemoprevention of lung cancer in 

tobacco severe adductors. The 

prepared tablets meet the 

Pharacopoeial requirements and are 

more comfortable in use. 

Hypertension (High blood pressure) 

is a world‟s leading contributory 

case of death. It has estimated to 

have caused 7.6 million premature 

deaths and contributed to 92 

million disability adjusted life 

years worldwide in 2001. Ruchika 

Nanda et al (3 3 ) has found the use of 

herbo-mineral 

medicine 

Rakatchaphar (contains Sarpganha, 

Shankhpushpi, Jatamansi, Jahar 

Mohra khatai Pishti, Moti Pishti 

and Ras sindoor) in essential 

hypertension. It has offered an 

efficacious and safe combination of 

natural product available for 

treatment of hypertension. 

Non-insulin diabetes mellitus is 

one of the major diseases speared 

worldwide and over 85% of 

diabetes mellitus is associated with 

high incidence of mortalit y and 

morbidity. Maji D. and Singh A. K. 

(3 4 ) 

has reported a D-400 

herbomineral preparation (contains 

Eugenia jambulana, Pterocarpus 

marsupium, Ficus glo merulata, 

Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica 

charantia, Ocimum sanctum and 

Shilajeet) is effective in treatment 

of Diabetes mellitus. They have 

studied the effect of D-400 on 

blood sugar level, serum 

cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, 

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HDL, blood urea, serum creatinine 

levels and the effect of long-term 

diabetic complications. D-400 is 

shown to have beneficial effects as 

regards the long-term complication 

and can serve as an important 

adjuvant in the treatment of 

diabetes. 

The ancient Indian (Asian) 

Ayurvedic medicinal system uses 

herbomineral drugs to treat 

arthritis. Arvind Chopra et al (3 5 ) 

has tested RA-11 (ARTREX, 

MENDAR), a standardized 

multiplant Ayurvedic drug 

(Withania somnifera, Boswellia 

serrata, Zingiber officinale, and 

Curcuma longa) in treatment of 

arthritis. It has been reported that 

RA-11 is effective in the 

symptomatic treatment of 

osteoarthritis knees. 

Rasayana Tantra 

The word „Rasayana is composed of 

two words „rasa‟ and „ayana. Rasa 

means dhatus responsible for 

sustenance of life. Ayana means 

specific measures uses for 

obtaining rasa and responsible for 

longevity. Rasayana is a well 

developed concept in Ayurveda. 

Rasayana means the augmentation 

of rasa, the vital fluid produced by 

the digestion of flood, which 

sustains the body through the 

strengthening of the dhatus 

(3 6 ) . 

The term „rasa‟ is derived from the 

root „rasa‟ which means „to go‟. 

Therefore, the dhatus which always 

moves is called rasa. Rasayana is 

the medium through which the rasa 


is maintained, replenished and 

augmented. 

In modern term, the study and 

practice of rasayana is referred as 

„rasavidya‟ (alchemy). Rasa 

ausadhis are known as metallic 

preparation which includes bhasma 

and sindoora. Metals like gold, 

silver, copper, lead, tin and iron, 

sand, lime and minerals like red 

arsenic, germs, salts and red chalk 

are indicated as drugs in Ayurveda. 

There are more than 200 plants 

mentioned in Rasashastra which 

uses mineral and metals as 

medicinal plant or a desirable 

chemical property (3 6 ) . 

Bhasma 

Bhasma is an ash obtained by 

calcinations of metals. It is a 

unique preparation of Ayurveda 

with extracts of herbs and metals in 

combination which functions best 

when converted from their original 

metals to metal oxide forms (3 7 ) . It 

is prepared by calcinations of 

metals in a closed crucible in pits 

and with cow dung cakes (puta). 

Bhasmas are biologically produced 

nano-particles and are taken along 

with milk, butter, honey or ghee 

which makes these elements easily 

assailable, eliminating their toxic 

effects and enhancing their 

biocompatibility (3 8 ) . 

Preparation of Bhasma (3 9 ) : 

It is prepared from purified 

minerals, metals, marine and 

animal products. The process of 

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purification is called Sodhana. It is 

aimed to remove harmful impurities 

present in the drug or sometimes 

modification of undesirable 

physical properties of the drugs. It 

helps in enhancement of the 

therapeutic action and thereby 

increases the potency of drug. 

Sodhana is of two – Samanya 

sodhana applicable to a large 

number of metals or minerals and 

Visesa sodhana applicable to 

certain drugs and in certain 

preparation. 

After Sodhana, second stage is the 

Marana which means metals and 

minerals are made into paste with 

various drugs and juices. It is 

essentially the burning process or 

calcination. It is subjected to fire 

treatment in a measured manner for 

reducing them to ashes. The 

objective of doing Marana Process 

is to reduce the size of the drug to 

its finest particles so that it absorbs 

easily into the system and produce 

their desired effects without 

producing harmful side effects. 

Types of Bhasmas (4 0 ) : 

Bhasmas are classified based on 

their color and appearance. 

Scientifically they are classified 

based on their dominant metal and 

mineral groups, such as Rajata 

bhasma (silver), Tamra bhasma 

(copper), Loha bhasma (iron), 

Pravala bhasma (Shells) etc. 

Bhasmas are generally yellowish, 

black, dark, white, gray, reddish 

black and red, depending upon the 


predominant drug as well as the 

other drugs used in the process of 

marara. They are stored in air tight 

container (glass or earthen) and 

maintain their potency indefinitely. 

Quality Control of Bhasma (4 1 ) : 

1. Nischandrika – No chandrika 

or metallic luster 

2. Rekhapurita – When taken 

between the index finger and 

thumb, it should be so fine as 

to get easily into the finger 

lines. 

3. Varitara – Small quantity is 

spread on cold and still 

water, it should float on the 

surface. 

4. Apurnabhava – It should not 

revert to the original state. 

SINDOORA (37) : 

It is more potent preparation then 

bhasma and prepared by the 

elaborate process of sublimation. 

The preparation of sindoora process 

is called kupipakwa vidhi in which 

sublimed mineral obtained on the 

neck of the sublimation glass flask 

is called sindoora. Characteristics 

and preparation of sindoora is 

similar to Bhasma. 

CONCLUSION 

Continuous uses of conventional 

medicines for various diseases may 

produces adverse actions and are an 

object of medical attention and thus 

the cause of concern. Hence 

alternative medicines have become 

the need of the hour. Herbo -mineral 

preparations are safe in therapeutic 

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doses and absorbs easily in the 

body. Bhasmas and Sindoora, the 

unique Ayurvedic preparation for 

curing diseases, can easily enter 

into the blood stream and be come 

more biocompatible as compare to 

conventional medicines. They have 

developed a new era in nano - 

medicine system due to its nano 

particles size and holistic approach 

towards disease. 

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of Ayurveda. Todarananda – 

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2000; 205-206. 

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Table – 1: Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine Products Containing Lead, Mercury, and/or Arsenic 

Ayurvedic formulations Manufacturer Dosage form Metal Concentration (µg/g) 

Lead Mercury Arsenic 

Bal Chamcha Jalaram Powder 10 ND ND 

Bal Guti Zandu Tablet 5 ND ND 

Bala Sogathi Navjeevan Powder 43 28 ND 

Balguti Kesaria 

Kesari Ayurvedic Tablet 7 17600 37 

Pharmacy 

Maha Sudarshan Churna Dabur Powder 17 ND ND 

Maha Sudarshan Churna Zandu Tablet 40 ND ND 

Mahalakshmi Vilas Ras with Baidyanath Tablet 300 72100 2800 

Gold 

Navaratna Rasa 

Unja Ayurvedic Tablet 600 10400 60 

Pharmacy 

Shilajit Syncom Capsule 8 ND ND 

Abbreviations: ND = not detected (Heavy metal assay reporting levels lead > 5 µg/g, mercury > 

20 µg/g, and arsenic > 10 µg/g. 

Table- 2: The most important disasters with heavy metals 

Year Disasters Remarks 

1932 Minamata Sewage containing mercury is released by Chisso's chemicals works into 

Minimata Bay in Japan. The mercury accumulates in sea creatures, leading 

eventually to mercury poisoning in the population. 

1952 Minamata 

Syndrome 

In 1952, the first incidents of mercury poisoning appear in the population of 

Minimata Bay in Japan, caused by consumption of fish polluted with 

mercury, bringing over 500 fatalities. Since then, Japan has had the strictest 

environmental laws in the industrialised world. 

1986 Sandoz Water used to extinguish a major fire carries c. 30 t fungicide containing 

mercury into the Upper Rhine. Fish are killed over a stretch of 100 km. The 

shock drives many FEA projects forwards. See also "Pollution of the Rhine at 

Basel / Sandoz". 

1998 Spanish 

nature 

reserve 

contaminat 

ed after 

environme 

ntal 

disaster 

Toxic chemicals in water from a burst dam belonging to a mine contaminate 

the Coto de Donana nature reserve in southern Spain. C. 5 million m_ of mud 

containing sulphur, lead, copper, zinc and cadmium flow down the Rio 

Guadimar. Experts estimate that Europe's largest bird sanctuary, as well as 

Spain's agriculture and fisheries, will suffer permanent damage from the 

pollution. 


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Table-3 Global Emissions of Trace Metals into the Atmosphere, Water and Soil (in 1 000 metric 

tonnesyr -1 ) 

Element Air Water Soil 

Arsenic 18.8 41 82 

Cadmium 7.6 9.4 22 

Chromium 30 142 896 

Copper 35 112 954 

Mercury 3.6 4.6 8.3 

Indium 0.02 - - 

Manganese 38 262 1670 

Molybdenum 3.3 11 88 

Nickel 56 113 325 

Lead 332 138 796 

Antimony 3.5 18 26 

Selenium 3.8 41 41 

Tin 6.4 - - 

Thallium 5.1 - - 

Vanadium 86 12 132 

Zink 132 226 1372 

Table-4: Typical Presentation of the Most Commonly Encountered Metals and Their 

Treatment 

Metal Acute Chronic Toxic Concentration Treatment 

Arsenic 

Lead 

Mercury 

Nickel 

Nausea, vomiting, 

"rice-water" diarrhea, 

MODS, LoQTS, 

painful neuropathy 

Nausea, vomiting, 

encephalopathy 

(headache, seizures, 

ataxia, obtundation) 

Elemental (inhaled): 

fever, vomiting, 

diarrhea, ALI; 

Inorganic salts , caustic 

gastroenteritis 

Dermatitis; nickel 

carbonyl: myocarditis, 

ALI, encephalopathy 

Diabetes, 

hypopigmentation/ 

hyperkeratosis, cancer: 

lung, bladder, skin, 

Encephalopathy, 

anemia, abdominal pain, 

nephropathy, foot-drop/ 

wrist-drop 

Nausea, metallic taste, 

gingivo-stomatitis, 

tremor, neurasthenia, 

nephrotic syndrome; 

hypersensitivity 

Occupational (inhaled): 

pulmonary fibrosis, 

reduced sperm count, 

nasopharyngeal tumors 

24-h urine: 

≥50 µg/L urine, or 

100 µg/g creatinine 

Pediatric: symptoms 

or [Pb] ≥45 µ/dL 

Adult: symptoms or 

[Pb] ≥70 µ/dL 

Background exposure 

"normal" limits: 

10 µg/L (whole 

blood); 20 µg/L (24-h 

urine) 

Excessive exposure: 

≥8 µg/L (blood) 

Severe poisoning: 

≥500 µg/L (8-h urine) 

BAL (acute, 

symptomatic) 

Succimer 

DMPS (Europe) 

BAL 

CaNa 2 EDTA 

Succimer 

BAL 

Succimer 

DMPS (Europe) 

*No accepted chelation regimen; contact a medical toxicologist regarding treatment plan. 

MODS - multi-organ dysfunction syndrome; LoQTS - long QT syndrome; ALI - acute lung injury; DMPS 

- 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane-sulfonic acid; CaNa 2 EDTA - edetate calcium disodium. 

* 


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Table – 5: List of Herbo-mineral formulations used in various common disorders. 

S. N. Herbo-mineral formulations Common disease 

1. Godanti Bhasma Cold, Cough, Fever 

2. Shankh Bhasma Acidity, Ulcer 

3. Yashad Bhasma Myopia, Diabetes 

4. Trushanadi loha Anemia 

5. Loha bhasma Anemia 

6. Navayasa loha Anemia 

7. Arogyavardhini vatti Hepatitis, Diabetes, Skin diseases, obesity 

8. Tribhuvan kirti Rasa Fever 

9. Shvass kuthar Rasa Asthma 

10. Swarna makherdhwaj Rasayan Diabetes, fertility 

11. Sutshekhar Rasa Acidity 

12. Hirdyarnava Rasa Heart diseases 

13. Laxmivias Rasa Respiratory track disorders, common cold 

14. Chandra prabha vatti Diabetes, Urinary track disorders 

15. Saptamrata lauha Eye disorders 


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