Architectural designs and Constructability Issues

More documents

Recommendations

Info

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ISSUES The incomplete specifications factor is the second most important factor shown in diagram 6 that causes constructability problems. If construction personnel are involved in the preparation of specifications, many on-site conflicts can be avoided. The construction industry is a fragmented industry where different parties such as the owner, contractor, designer, and subcontractors have differing and sometimes conflicting objectives. This fragmentation is particularly prevalent in the traditional designbid-build project delivery system where adversarial relationships among the parties has become the norm. The lack of trust, the existence of conflicting objectives, and the common expectation of frequent disagreements result in a general lack of communication which in turn creates constructability problems [2]. The respondents listed budgetary limitations, resistance of the owner to formal constructability programs, and nonstandardization of design to be the least influential constraints that hinder constructability (Figure 8). This finding challenges the common perception that owners constitute a barrier to formal constructability programs because constructability programs add a highly visible extra cost to projects, and benefits are less tangible. The findings suggest that there is no tendency on the part of the owners to prevent constructability programs, probably because of their proven cost savings. Benefits of constructability reviews: A constructability program introduces a cost that is usually added to the design fee and might harm the competitiveness of the firm. Some firms absorb that cost into their indirect expenses to stay competitive, so there should be some benefits to the design firms in return for their investment in a more buildable design. The most significant benefits listed by respondents are developing better relationships with clients and contractors, being involved in fewer lawsuits, and building a good reputation(Figure 9). This finding indicates that long-term public relations, litigation free jobs, and the building of a good reputation are crucial considerations for design professionals, possibly because design work is typically not awarded through lowest offer bidding but by a client who approaches a reputable and competent designer and negotiates an agreement. A reduction in the number of potential claims and lawsuits against the design firm was marked as the second reward of constructability. This finding can be explained by the fact that design errors (lack of constructability) are the most common cause for contract claims [2]. The construction business is extremely risky. Much of the preparatory paperwork that precedes construction projects can be viewed as the formulation of risk allocation between the Figure 9. Rate the following with respect to benefits of constructability reviews to the design firm (A. Reduction in number of claims & lawsuits against designer, B. Better reputation and more workload, C. Improved efficiency of design, D. Professional satisfaction, E. Better relationship with contractor and client). owner, contractor, and designer. As claims and disputes increase, the construction industry struggles to find a way to equitably and economically resolve them. A study indicated that fees paid to lawyers and experts in litigation had increased 425% between 1979 and 1990; whereas, settlements and verdicts had increased only 309%. As a result, the threat of litigation stifles innovation in engineering design. Even as they assess risk carefully on a project-by-project basis, many designers turn down work because of the threat of liability. This shows that the threat of litigation is an important factor in the design profession. Constructability issues & Architectural aspects: It was logical, then, there be a survey done related to architectural designs and constructability issues directly; The findings presented in figure 10 are most important Datas in the questionnaire so indicate rate of architectural aspects against the type of constructability problems respectively and the respondents using these aspects in firms and organizations. In this part a list of constructability problems which are the most important related to architectural problematic aspects are collected. The most significant factor selected by the respondents is area of architectural drawings(95%), which problems happen mostly in the Construction Industry, which indicated that the number of construction problems involved in a constructability program are depend on process of providing the drawings, and as a result this is depend out on the lack of details and 3d shaping and forming of the concepts. In this area architectures must focus favorably. 15
AKGEC INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY, Vol. 3, No. 1 Figure 10. Rate the following constructability issues with respect to Architectural aspects(A-Architectural drawings, B-Shape of structure C- Materials chosen by Architects D-Procedure of architectural designs E-Procedure of developing architectural designs F-Architectural designs & compatibility with site of project G-Compatibility between interior and exterior designs H-Compatibility between Architectural designs and Climate I-Disregard effects of the land type J-Design dependant on wrong survey information K-Efficacies of low execution knowledge in Architects L-Architectural designs & direct affinity to costs & prices M-Architectural designs & procedure of insulation N-Architectural designs & acoustic solutions O-Architectural new styles & shortage of enough knowledge P-Architectural designs & Energy saving problems Q- Lack of 3D drawings for more explanation R-Lack of 3D drawings for more explanation S-Lack of 4D or even 5D drawings for more information). The factors that has the second highest influence on constructability issues related to architectural design respect to figure 10 are compatibility between interior and exterior designs and Architectural new styles & shortage of enough knowledge(75%), which shows that architects have to make a plan to show the in and out of each concept together also whenever want to go through the designing new styles first should finish theoretical information perfectly and for each concept of new designs have to draw necessary details. The third factor that impacts constructability is the procedure of developing architectural designs and Acoustic solutions(65%). Other factors are also important that engineers should achieve them and focus on them with percent of respondents sequence and find adequate solutions to elimination perfectly. Not startlingly, the least important factors were marked as problems depending on surveying issues(10%) or climate mutability(15%) or land type(20%) which shows that the procedure of solving these type of problems are acceptable. VI. CONCLUSION This paper highlights the need for the study of only constructability issues not with respect to the architectural design but also with respect to various other factors which are a part of the project life cycle. The literature review and the various findings analysed through questionnaire survey clearly indicate that if projects must achieve their pre-fixed targets of time, quality, economy, then construction risks, construction claims, and disputes need to be minimized, if they cannot be eliminated. It is this domain, which bears a direct co-relation between the constructability issues and the project success/failure aspects. An integrated approach towards project management, based on Total Quality Management(TQM) principles may provide the necessary solution. A micro-level approach incorporating all the macro variables affecting the project and a synergistic co-ordination, communication during the entire project life cycle is suggested. Especially, the right/wrong decision made during project pre-planning will improve/worsen the constructability issues. VII. REFERENCES [1] Design/Construction Integration thru Virtual Construction for Improved Constructability (Paper by Walid Thabet, Virginia Tech) [2] Constructability Analysis in the Design Firm(Paper by David Arditi, M.ASCE;Ahmed Elhassan; Y. Cengiz Toklu) [3] Providing Cost and Constructability Feedback to Designers (Paper by Sheryl Staub-French) [4] Integrating Constructability Tools Into Constructability Review Process (Paper by Deborah J. Fisher, Stuart D. Anderson, Suhel P. Rahman, Associate Members, ASCE) 16
Page 1 and 2: AKGEC INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECH
Page 7: AKGEC INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECH

Architectural designs and Constructability Issues

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?