December 2012 (issue 128) - The Sussex Archaeological Society

N u m b e r 1 2 8 D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 2
Culver Archaeological Project
Best Finds of the Year
Excavations at Fishbourne
Piltdown Conference Report
Arts Council Award for Museums
www.sussexpast.co.uk Sussex Past & Present December 2012

Membership Matters
MEMBERSHIP
OPENING LINES
Opening Lines
Lorna’s Notebook
A round-up of all that’s new in the membership department
Welcome to the December
edition of Sussex Past &
Present.
Subscriptions increase for
2013
It is with regret that we have
had to increase our subscriptions
slightly with effect from 1 January
2013, as agreed at this year’s AGM.
Many of you (though not all) are
due to renew your subscription to
the Society at the beginning of the
year, and it would really help us if
you would check your membership
card now, and, if you are due for
renewal on 1 January, arrange
for payment straightaway. This
will save the cost of sending out
reminder notices, which is usually
done in late January. Of course, if
you pay by direct debit, you need
take no further action – you will be
notified in writing of the date and
amount of the collection.
Subscription Type & Description
O Standard Individual £35
J Joint (2 adults/same address) £50
F1 Family (1 adult + children) £41
F2 Family (2 adults + children) £53
S Student £17
AFF Affiliated Society £35
+B Hardback copy of SAC +£6
+POST Overseas postage charge +£13
If you do not currently pay by
direct debit, do please download
a copy of the mandate from the
Membership section of our website
www.sussexpast.co.uk and return
it to me. Other ways in which you
can pay are:
- cheque, payable to “Sussex
Past” and sent to me at Bull House
- online at http://sussexpast.
co.uk/payment
- by credit card over the phone,
Tuesday to Friday, 10am – 3pm
Saturday 22 September:
Piltdown Centenery
Conference:
Truth and Lies from
the Deep Sussex Past
The Society’s 2012 autumn
conference in Lewes was a great
success and attracted attention
from the BBC both at local and
national levels. Speakers from the
Natural History Museum, the British
Museum, London, Bournemouth
and Southampton Universities and
the University of Witwatersrand
in South Africa gathered to
commemorate the centenary of
this notorious fraud and to examine
the evidence against the chief
suspects while placing the fraud in
its historical context and concluding
with a look at the real evidence of
early habitation still coming to light
at the Piltdown site. See page
10 for a report of the conference.
Members who were unable to
attend may like to know that we are
hoping it may be possible to upload
some of the talks (sound files only)
from the conference and make
them available for you to listen to
again via our website. There have
been some technical issues about
this in relation to trying to make the
Battle of Lewes conference talks
available on line, so we cannot
guarantee success, but we are still
looking into this possibility.
Christmas Shopping
and the Society
A reminder – especially useful
for this time of year - that if you
shop online you can raise a little
additional money for the Society
at no extra cost by using www.
easyfundraising.org.uk as your
portal for purchases. Simply register
and choose Sussex Archaeological
Society as your cause, and the
retailers listed on the site will make
a small donation to us every time
you buy something. There are
no additional costs to you as the
consumer, and you still buy directly
from the retailers’ own websites
– the only difference is that you
reach your chosen retailer’s site
by logging onto easyfundraising.
org first. Amazon, British Airways,
John Lewis and Boots the Chemist
are among the hundreds of retailers
who participate, and every donation,
however small, will help us.
Membership as a Gift
While on the topic of Christmas,
have you considered giving
membership of the Society as a gift
to your friends or relatives I am
always happy to arrange this, and
the welcome pack can be posted
either directly to the recipient or to
the purchaser to be handed over
in person. Given the pressure on
the post at this time of year, I would
suggest that you contact me to
arrange this as soon as possible
if you would like to arrange a gift
membership.
May I wish you all a good 2013.
Lorna Gartside
Membership Secretary
MEMBERSHIP
DEPARTMENT
Bull House, 92 High Street
Lewes, BN7 1XH
Tues-Fri 10am-3pm
Answering machine
outside these hours
01273 405737
members@sussexpast.co.uk
SUSSEX
Past &
Present
The Sussex Archaeological
Society Newsletter
N u m b e r 1 2 8
D E C E M B E R 2 0 1 2
Contents
2 Membership Matters
3 Opening Lines
4 Culver Project
5 Culver Project
6 Best Finds of the Year
7 Alan Stevens Obituary
8 President & CEO Letters
9 Excavations at Fishbourne
10 Piltdown Conference
11 Arts Council Grant
12 Library & Bookshop
13 Book Reviews
14 Book Reviews
15 Book Reviews
16 Snippets
Published by the Sussex
Archaeological Society, Bull
House, Lewes, E Sussex, BN71XH
Tel: 01273 486260
Fax: 01273 486990
Email: adminlewes@sussexpast.
co.uk
Editor: Wendy Muriel
Email: spp@sussexpast.co.uk
Research Editor: Luke Barber
ISSN 1357-7417
Cover: The Barbican at Lewes Castle
Photo: Wendy Muriel
Your Society
...has weathered a difficult year!
This year has been a difficult and tasking year for the Society. The
weather, Jubilee and Olympics have had a detrimental effect on
visitor numbers to our properties and reduced visitor numbers results
in reduced admission revenue and shop sales. Lewes Castle and Anne
of Cleves House have done better than the other properties, perhaps a
reflection of their town locations and that they are still benefiting from the
refurbishment work that was carried out on them in the last few years.
That is the bad news. Those visitors who braved the weather have
given very good reports of their visits and members of staff have worked
wonders in difficult conditions. The catering company at Fishbourne went
into liquidation last year leaving us without any catering on the site. The
Society is now running the catering in house and great improvements are
expected. The in-house catering at Michelham has proved very popular
and is attracting return visits from patrons. Many members and visitors
have remarked on the catering which is bringing in return visits to the
Priory. It is also hoped to have a café open at Anne of Cleves in the
future. The Trustees recognise that having good catering facilities at all
our properties should be part of the visitor offer.
Weddings at Lewes Castle and Anne of Cleves have increased in
number and are contributing towards the cost of running the properties
and it is hoped that the improvements at Michelham Priory will also
increase revenue from weddings. Another positive is that more visitors
are signing up to the Gift Aid scheme whereby the Society can claim back
tax at no cost to the visitors.
Thanks to funding from the Friends, the gatehouse kiosk at Michelham
Priory is currently being rebuilt to improve the first impressions of the site.
The out-of-date kiosk was not an asset to the lovely gatehouse. One of
the best impressions of Michelham is that view of the house and gardens
from the archway beneath the gatehouse.
The Committee structure of the Trustees is being altered to reflect
the current needs of the Society and give more support to staff. The
great work of the Education and Museum teams is being given more
prominence and the Friends groups given more support. It is hoped that
a joint Friends’ committee will be formed to allow better communication
between the various properties’ Friends groups. A new Friends of Lewes
Castle will also be formed.
It is lovely to see up to 120 school children at a time enjoying the sights
at Michelham or Fishbourne, dressing up in character and absorbing the
history. At Michelham they learn about the evacuation during World War II
and at Fishbourne about the Roman occupation. The education provided
by the Society forms part of our revenue and helps to inform future
generations of our heritage. We hope they return with their parents!
There are many positive things happening in the Society at present and,
at the end of the season, we look forward to a better result next year.
Richard Akhurst
Chair of Council
Sussex Past & Present December 2012
www.sussexpast.co.uk www.sussexpast.co.uk Sussex Past & Present December 2012

Excavations
CULVER PROJECT
CULVER PROJECT
Excavations
Research
Culver Archaeological Project
An intriguing first seven years
For the last seven years
the Culver Archaeological
Project (CAP), under director Rob
Wallace, has been investigating
the historical environment of the
Upper Ouse Valley in the parishes
of Barcombe and Ringmer. In 2005
Rob had discovered a substantial
Roman road running to the east
of the Barcombe villa complex,
heading north east through the
fields of Culver Farm, where CAP’s
subsequent fieldwork has been
undertaken (Fig 1).
Fig.1 Map of Culver Farm showing the main features and field locations.
In 2005-6 a series of evaluation
trenches were dug in Pond Field and
its northern neighbour Culver Mead
which established the existence
and bearing of the road as well as
showing roadside activity. In 2007
a larger open area excavation in
Pond Field exposed 20m of the
road together with an area each
side which showed clearly the
substantial nature of the road
and the intensity of the roadside
industrial activity. This area was
targeted again in 2010.
In 2009 the main emphasis moved
to the south west, to Court House
Field, where 50m of closely packed
flint road foundations some 400mm
deep were uncovered (Fig 2). The
area chosen was over a discernible
kink in the road noticed from the
previous year’s geophysics results.
Whilst a fine section of road was
exposed and recorded the reason
for the changes of direction was not
altogether clear, although a series
of crossing palaeo-channels might
have made this area unstable.
Fig 2. The section of Roman road exposed in
2009. Photo: D Millum
Seven years digging had
produced over 6000 sherds of
pottery that needed specialist
analysis and reporting. A substantial
Margary Grant from the Sussex
Archaeological Society (SAS), plus
a smaller sum from the University
of Sussex Archaeology Society
(USAS), allowed the project to
employ Malcolm Lyne to undertake
the analysis. Malcolm was the ideal
choice since, as an acknowledged
expert on Roman pottery in the
area, he could coordinate the
Culver assemblage with that of his
own classification of pottery fabrics
for the Barcombe villa.
He concluded that nearly all the
Roman pottery from Culver was of
3rd to early 4th century date. Over
93% of the sherds came from the
excavations in Pond Field with only
382 from Culver Mead and just
19 from the excavation in Court
House Field, which unlike the fields
to the north showed no road side
settlement. 71 different fabrics
were present, 29 coarse, 34 fine, 5
mortaria and 3 of amphora.
The trenches in Culver Mead in
2006 had revealed 3 water-logged
timbers that were radiocarbon
dated to c. cal AD240-430 and
Malcolm’s report similarly confirms
the pottery assemblage to AD250-
400. He also highlights a fragment
of a lamp or chimney similar to an
example from the triangular temple
at Verulamium (Lyne 2012).
The bulk of the Pond Field
assemblages were of handmade
local East Sussex Wares with the
largest derivable amount coming
from the nearby Wickham Barn
kilns. Other British coarsewares
were represented including Alice
Holt greyware. The finewares
included fragments of beakers in
Colchester colour-coat, Oxford red
colour-coat, Lower Nene Valley and
New Forest. The Samian included
both Central and Eastern Gaulish
products (Lyne 2012).
Fig 3. Moselkeramik carafe rim from Arlon.
Photo: D Millum
One of the most interesting
sherds was part of the rim of a late
3rd century carafe in a metallic
black colour-coat ware from the
Arlon kilns in Lorraine Belge (Fig
3); a very unusual product to find
anywhere in Britain (Lyne 2012).
Whilst the road undoubtedly
had a far longer period of use, as
indicated by the Flavius Honorius
silver Siliqua of AD395-402 (Fig 4)
Fig 5. Magnetometer survey results from Pond Field. Image: D Staveley 2011
found in the corner of Court House
Field, the main period of roadside
activity in Pond Field would seem
to fall into the later 3rd to early 4th
century. This presumes that the
Samian and some other finer wares
were already old, possibly handeddown,
items and date from prior to
the period of lower class working
activity at the site. Two exceptions
would seem to be a small pit by the
northwest baulk of the excavation
which contained an assemblage of
34 sherds dated to the late 2nd and
early 3rd centuries and a clay lined
pit, also located to the west of the
road, which contained pottery dating
to mid or even later 4th century. A
Fig 4. Scan of the Flavius Honorius silver
Siliqua.
Photo: D Millum
subsequent magnetometer survey
has revealed interesting anomalies
to the west of these features which
deserve further investigation.
An important aspect of the
investigations undertaken by CAP
has been the use of geophysical
surveys both using electrical
resistance and magnetic variation
techniques to produce images of
the subterranean features. These
have been particularly useful in
tracing the route of the Roman
road and suggesting areas of
roadside activity. Major surveys in
2008 and 2011 have highlighted
some interesting areas for future
excavation as well as suggesting
that not all Roman roads are
perfectly straight (Fig 5).
A great deal of interpretation is
still needed to integrate this new
information into the excavation
reports which are currently in
production but the financial
assistance of SAS & USAS has
allowed an early completion of
these documents to become a real
possibility.
David Millum & Rob Wallace
co-directors of the Culver
Archaeological Project
www.culverproject.co.uk
davidmillum@mypostoffice.
co.uk
Sussex Past & Present December 2012
www.sussexpast.co.uk www.sussexpast.co.uk Sussex Past & Present December 2012

Feature
FLO ROUND-UP
ALAN STEVENS
Obituary
Best Finds of the Year
The Finds Liaison Officer reports on significant finds of 2012
This is the fourth annual roundup
of some of the best finds
recorded in Sussex by the Portable
Antiquities Scheme (PAS). Since
our last report we have created
1274 records of 1346 finds from
East and West Sussex, resulting in
a total of 18,505 records in Sussex.
This year’s recorded finds range in
date from a Mesolithic flint pick, c.
8300 - 3500 BC (SUSS-64E778)
to a wide array of Post Medieval
and early Modern objects. Two
examples include a Georgian gilt
fob seal with an inlaid glass seal
depicting a female classical figure
(SUSS-A737F6) and the largest
animal bell recorded for Sussex,
probably used for an ox or bull
(SUSS-716BD3); it is larger in
dimension than a tennis ball!
In addition, our efforts to
encourage volunteer self-recording
this year have produced more than
200 records on the PAS database.
This is a reflection of the enthusiasm
of some of our Sussex finders
and their willingness to become
more involved with the Portable
Antiquities Scheme database. For
further information about finds
mentioned here or to discover
recent finds in your area, please
explore our website at www.finds.
org.uk.
The following discoveries are
some of the most interesting from
the past year and are highlighted
due to their personal significance or
their importance within the Sussex
landscape.
Forty-five items of Treasure have
been declared in Sussex over the
past year and this first find is one of
them. PAS record SUSS-628524
is a silver Medieval seal (13th-
14th C AD) inlaid with a Roman
carnelian intaglio (c. 1st-3rd C AD),
discovered in East Sussex. The
seal is inscribed as belonging to
an Alan of ‘Duntune’, the Medieval
spelling of Dutton in Cheshire. It
is possible that this individual
belonged to the de Dutton line,
which originated in this country with
the Norman invasion; ‘Duntune’ is
later recorded as a place-name in
the Domesday Book. The Roman
intaglio (above) depicts a winged
Victory driving a two-horse chariot
called a ‘biga’ and is likely to
have been either found or ordered
specially for its use in the seal. This
seal would have reflected a wealthy
individual’s personal taste and
decision to incorporate an ancient
object within a newer personal seal
design. Hopefully, future research
will help us to better understand
this unique object.
The second object (above),
SUSS-761CD0, has been identified
as the hilt of a late Hallstatt B3
Urnfield sword, dating to the Late
Bronze Age (1150-700 BC). It is the
only sword hilt of its kind recorded
on the PAS database and would
have been an expensive and special
piece of personal armour during the
period of transition from Bronze Age
to Iron Age in Sussex. It is unusual
to find this type of object away
from a larger hoard or burial, and as
such has proven to be mysterious.
The sword hilts of this period were
decorated with coiled arms and
incised design; they would have
been coveted by their owner.
This year, West Sussex has
produced some particularly
interesting finds from the Roman
period. Amongst them is a delicate
cast copper-alloy figurine of Cupid
(SUSS-591C64 - below), a lead
votive axehead (SUSS-571122) and
a contemporary copy of a Roman
nummus combining the obverse
of a coin of Constantius II and the
reverse of Magnentius (SUSS-
4DCAC2). All of these objects help
us to better understand the ritual
and practical needs of Sussex
inhabitants between AD 43-410.
The final object I’ve chosen to
highlight was selected not because
of its rarity on the database, but
because of its significance to the
area in which it was found. SUSS-
93B5D3 (above right) is a very late
Bronze Age socketed axehead
with a facetted body, flared blade
and small loop. This axehead was
discovered within a short distance
of Wolstonbury Hill, a wellknown
prehistoric site. Within the
axehead, modern cartridges were
found which suggests perhaps that
this object has been discovered
previously and re-interred in nearby
soil. It is therefore possible that this
axehead comes directly from the
Wolstonbury site. It was discovered
by a Friend of Wolstonbury and
relinquished to the Wolstonbury
Trust for keeping as part of the
collection. According to the Trust,
the discovery of an axehead in
direct association to Wolstonbury
is exceedingly rare and as such,
could tell us more about late Bronze
Age activity within the site.
As this year draws to a close, I
must say good bye to two excellent
colleagues: Lucy Ellis and Claire
Goodey. As Finds Liaison Assistant
and Headley Bursary intern for
the past six months, Lucy has
cheerfully tackled every aspect of
Finds Liaison work: from meeting
with finders; to identifying and
recording finds; to participating in
outreach; to helping with a metal
detecting rally. Claire Goodey has
been a dedicated volunteer for
three years and is responsible for
recording nearly 400 records onto
the database. Her exemplary work
in anything that needs to be done,
whether identifying artefacts or
keeping the FLO organised (no small
task!) will be missed. Due to their
efforts and those of the rest of my
volunteer staff, we have managed to
take in more finds, while providing
a service to a swelling number of
finders in Sussex.
Stephanie Smith
Finds Liaison Officer, Sussex
Alan Stevens
1934-2012
Alan Stevens, who died on 24 March, will be recalled by many
members as a constant attendee at lectures, walks and
conferences. Born at Hove in 1934, he joined the Society as a boy,
coming under the influence of Hove archaeologist Eric Holden and
going on outings while still at school. Suffering badly from examination
nerves, he reached Lancaster University as one of its earliest mature
students, having held posts in a series of prep schools while he
worked to gain the necessary A-levels. The occupation at which he
excelled, though, was lecturing for the WEA and the University of
Kent in history and archaeology, with a special interest in vernacular
architecture.
Alan enlivened occasions he attended with his constant spirit of
intellectual enquiry, taking notes and where necessary challenging
lecturer or walk leader. He was keen both to learn and to impart his
own knowledge to others - a polymath with whom you could discuss
many subjects besides history and archaeology, notably politics and
music.
Alan was certainly an eccentric. On outings, in whatever weather,
he would carry, sometimes underneath his anorak, a large rucksack
containing inter alia a folding umbrella to keep the rain away. At a
meeting of the Society’s Events committee he hosted circa 1992
I remember him offering sugar for tea as wrapped portions he’d
collected from restaurants and cafes, presented in a large waste
paper basket!
Sadly, he never put much of his learning into print, a sole contribution
to Collections being part of the Stretham (Henfield) moated site
report in Volume 147. For a time, though, he wrote up events in the
Society’s Newsletter, humorously claiming the title of ‘Hon Reporter’.
Many books from his extensive collection have been donated to the
Society, either for its own library or for sale in the Barbican House
bookshop.
Tim Hudson
Sussex Past & Present December 2012
www.sussexpast.co.uk www.sussexpast.co.uk Sussex Past & Present December 2012

Letters
THE PRESIDENT & CEO
FISHBOURNE EXCAVATION
Excavations
Research
Dear Members...
At the Society’s AGM this year I was honoured to be elected President. Thank you.
During the course of the meeting, Item 7 covered proposals to change four of our Articles of Association,
part of the governing document of the Society. The changes suggested were based upon a version of the
Articles of Association entitled “amended in 2006”. After the meeting, I scrutinised this document and noticed
errors. This led me to a detailed examination of previous General Meeting agendas and minutes since 1994. I
discovered that the AGM of 2006 had no amendment resolution to the Articles of Association, so any version
dated 2006 is unapproved.
Since 1995, the only amendment made to the Articles was that approved by the members at AGM 2004 in
East Grinstead. This amendment was based on advice from the Charity Commission and allowed there to be
between 10 and 14 Council Members, rather than exactly twelve. Thus the correct version of the Articles of
Association should be those which include the headings -Adopted on 25th June 1994, Amended on 20th May
1995, Amended on 5th June 2004. This is now on the Society’s website members’ area.
Please note that the numbering of the Articles in the correct version is so different from that in the erroneous
2006 draft that the voting for changing specific numbered articles at the 2012 AGM is completely undermined.
None of the numbers matched because some articles had been deleted. Also, unauthorised wording had been
inserted. In consequence, the resolutions passed in good faith under Agenda Item 7 at AGM 2012 are null and
void.
No culprit should be sought. This error lies with corruption of data several years ago through cumulative
mistakes in saving computer files or when replacing equipment. Office and paper filing procedures will be
tightened up. It remains for me to extend an apology to the membership on behalf of present and former
Council Members and staff that this error has occurred. I confirm that our Articles of Association remain those
dated 2004.
Caroline Wells
President
Firstly I would like to wish you all a very merry Christmas and to thank you for your support over the last
year. I know many of you have attended our excellent conferences and events and that member visits to
our properties are at a record level. We are all looking forward to the 150th edition of the Sussex Archaeological
Collections next year, this will be a real landmark for the Society and we will celebrate this achievement.
In February and March next year we plan to hold two further Members’ Open Discussion sessions; the dates
can be found in the Noticeboard section (see opposite). As previously these represent an opportunity to share
details of the current issues facing the Society and to hear and record the views of members. A record of
the discussions during the three sessions held earlier this year are on the Members’ section of the Society’s
website. This is very valuable as it provides a record which staff and trustees can use to understand the views
of members who attended and contributed to the sessions.
Over the next period the Trustees and senior staff will be collating all the information about the activities which
the Society has undertaken this year. This process will help direct the planning for next year and beyond. As
previously, the major issue of the financial performance of the Society will be at the heart of any considerations
about future resourcing and structures. The views of members, received through the discussion sessions,
together with various surveys and individual correspondence, will be fed into the process of forward planning.
The meetings next year represent an opportunity to share with you the outcome of these deliberations and
decisions. I think we are all painfully aware that the Society is very reliant on the income from our properties
and that the appalling weather this summer has had a significant effect on this. The Trustees will be faced with
very real challenges in terms of looking at what we can offer and how we do it. Quite simply there will have to
be changes based on the reality of what we can actually afford to do. This should not detract from our ability to
appreciate the excellent achievements of our staff, Trustees and volunteers during 2012 and there is still much
to celebrate.
Tristan Bareham
Chief Executive
Excavations at Fishbourne
Old spoil heaps still have a story to tell!
For the first time since 2002,
a research excavation has
been undertaken at Fishbourne
Roman Palace, but this was not
an excavation in the conventional
sense. In March this year we took
a sample of approximately one
tonne from the spoil heaps created
in the 1960s when the Palace was
originally excavated. Of course,
the sample was of mixed and
unstratified excavation waste. It
contained modern artefacts such
as bottle tops, nails and 20th
century coins that were left by
the archaeologists nearly 50 years
ago, but crucially also any Roman
material that they did not recover or
deliberately discarded.
No excavation will recover all
of the artefacts from the site. Bias
against small or modern objects
or those that are difficult to spot
will always exist. This bias will
vary according to the experience
and interests of the excavators,
the resources available and even
the weather conditions. For these
reasons the bias is unique to
each site. The intention of the
Fishbourne sample is, through very
fine sieving and careful sorting,
to recover as close to 100% of
the artefacts as possible. This will
give an impression of what was
not recovered from the site when
it was excavated. In turn this will
allow a wholesale reassessment
of the artefacts recovered in the
1960s and stored in the Collections
Discovery Centre at Fishbourne. It
may become apparent, for example,
that the ratio of grey ware pottery
to Samian in the stored archive is
as much a reflection of the higher
visibility of the highly coloured
Samian as it is an indication of the
status of the site. It will also be a
chance to recover from Fishbourne
very small objects such as fish
Family fun at the Festival of British Archaeology
bones, small mammal remains and
seeds for the first time.
This is an unusual project and
places the Palace at the forefront of
current thinking when it comes to
the interpretation of stored archives.
Work is ongoing, but if anything
can be guaranteed at this stage,
the project will provide researchers
with something to think about for
years to come.
Allied to the project, the staff at
Fishbourne took the opportunity
to extend the sample trenches and
enable some of the Palace visitors to
have a go at excavation themselves.
As part of the 2012 Festival of British
Archaeology visitors of all ages
were invited to visit the spoil heaps,
borrow a trowel and experience the
excitement of discovering artefacts
for themselves. Roman tesserae
and 1960s nails seemed to elicit
similar levels of excitement! Over
a thousand artefacts were found
ranging from relatively recent
objects such as a halfpenny piece
dated 1974 and the older style
1960s ring pulls from drinks cans to
Photo: Sussex Archaeological Society
pieces of pot and bone. Probably
the most interesting find was a
small fragment of high quality
Samian pottery (shown below). It is
decorated with part of an image of
a running animal, possibly a dog or
a horse.
Participants were also given the
chance to try their hand at surveying,
site planning, sample sorting and
to meet our conservation team.
The event was a great success and
plans are afoot to repeat it in some
(probably larger) form next year.
Dr Rob Symmons
Curator, Fishbourne Roman Palace
Sussex Past & Present December 2012
www.sussexpast.co.uk www.sussexpast.co.uk Sussex Past & Present December 2012

Feature
CONFERENCE REPORT
GRANT AWARD
Feature
The Piltdown Conference
Truth and Lies from the Deep Sussex Past
The subtitle for this conference
could easily have been “What
you don’t know about Piltdown”
and all of the speakers made the
audience think about the wellknown
story afresh.
John Farrant started the
proceedings on a historical note,
exploring some of the questions
about the relationship between the
Sussex Archaeological Society and
the Piltdown discoveries. Charles
Dawson’s family background
was described and his increasing
involvement with the Society after
his move to Uckfield in 1889, which
saw his promotion of his projects at
the Lavant Caves and at Hastings
Castle. We were left to wonder
how much his estrangement from
the Society after the Castle Lodge
affair contributed to his switch
to an interest in the Palaeolithic,
which, at that time SAC left to the
geologists.
Beccy Scott (British Museum)
& Andy Shaw (Southampton
University) took us through
the archaeological and
palaeontological context for
Piltdown and built a convincing
case that the construction of the
Piltdown collection looked more
to 19th century interpretations of
deep human prehistory than they
Robert Kruszynski, from the Natural History Museum, fascinated delegates with a display of casts of
the main specimens from the Piltdown collection.
Photo: E Livesey
did to the ensuing 20th century.
An intriguing point made here was
that the investigations at Barnfield
Pit (Swanscombe) started in 1912
and the way in which Smith &
Dewey worked there is much more
in tune with modern methods than
the rather dilettante approach at
Piltdown.
Robert Kruszynski (Natural
History Museum) gave us an account
both of the curation of the Piltdown
material at the Natural History
Museum and tantalised us with an
account of the research currently
being done on the specimens. He
stole the show with an exhibit of
casts of the main specimens and
some of the original flints from the
Piltdown collection.
John McNabb (Southampton
University) put the discovery of
Piltdown into the context of 1912
as a remarkable year - Scott in
the Antarctic, the Titanic’s maiden
voyage and the publication of
Tarzan of the Apes. He explained
his reanalysis of the lithics and
convincingly argued that these had
been intended to reveal a sequence
from Pliocene eoliths through to
the Pleistocene Chellean, with the
Piltdown cranium placed in the
middle of this. Some of the later
finds were argued to be attempts
to re-establish this sequence when
interpretations strayed from what
had originally been intended.
Miles Russell (Bournemouth
University) reviewed Charles
Dawson’s overall archaeological
career, pulling out the dubious and
often “transitional” finds which
mark this out. The unanswered
question about Dawson is still “why
did he do it”
Francis Thackeray (University
of the Witwaterstrand) brought
Teilhard de Chardin into the frame.
Although one of the original workers
at Piltdown, and the discoverer
of the canine tooth, Teilhard was
remarkably silent on the subject
of Piltdown. However, Thackeray’s
work on the archive of his letters
has revealed some hints that, at
the least, Teilhard knew there was
something amiss with Piltdown.
The possibility that he was also
involved in the hoax as a joker was
raised.
Matt Pope (Institute of
Archaeology) brought the day to
its end with a stimulating overview
of Palaeolithic research in Sussex
from the 19th to the 21st century.
Overall this was an excellent
conference which showed clearly
the relevance of the history of
Palaeolithic research to our present
understanding and put the bizarre
goings on at Piltdown into their
proper context.
Liz Somerville
Museums Receive Grant
Arts Council funding for conservation support across South-East
Sussex Archaeological Society
is a long-standing member
of the Sussex Museums Group
(SMG) which is a coalition of over
40 museums and galleries from
East and West Sussex that aims
to provide support, advice and
leadership within the sector. In
May this year the Society was
invited by the Arts Council England
(ACE) to submit, on behalf of
SMG, a proposal for a project
that would provide conservation
advice to Sussex museums. The
original intention was to fund a
freelance conservator who would
be based at the conservation lab
at Fishbourne Roman Palace, but
provide support remotely as well
as through site visits, training and
workshops. However, the need for
conservation advice is not limited
to Sussex alone. The Arts Council
decided in August to provide
a grant of £75,000 to fund the
delivery of conservation support
to museums over the much wider
area of Surrey and Kent as well as
Sussex. A conservator will still be
based at Fishbourne, but they will
now work alongside another based
at Chatham in Kent. The project will
last for 6 months, but it is hoped
that further funding will be secured
so that it can be extended.
The conservator based at Fishbourne will
work alongside the existing team of volunteer
conservators. Here the team use X-radiography
to assess the extent of corrosion in metal artefacts
to identify and prioritise work.
Photo: Sussex Archaeological Society
The aim of the project is to
conserve objects from museums
that require remedial work, but
more importantly to equip museum
staff with the knowledge and
Friends of Fishbourne Roman Palace
confidence to undertake work
themselves where possible (as
well as teaching them to recognize
when not to conserve an item).
The conservators will establish a
network that will help museums
locate the expertise and funding
that they need as well as setting up a
resource-base providing access to
otherwise expensive conservation
equipment and consumables. Most
importantly, they will undertake a
survey of the conservation needs
within the region. It is hoped that
the information gained through
this process will be able to feed in
to future funding applications so
that subsequent projects can be
focused as effectively as possible.
The staff at Fishbourne Roman
Palace are looking forward to
welcoming a new member to their
ranks. This is especially true of the
existing volunteer conservation
team, who will continue to use the
lab in the Collections Discovery
Centre.
Dr Robert Symmons
Curator, Fishbourne Roman Palace
The ‘Friends of Fishbourne Roman Palace’ was founded a few years ago with the help and encouragement
of the Sussex Archaeological Society to offer limited financial support to the Palace, limited because,
although we are on a sound financial footing, we are still quite a small organization. To become more
ambitious in our assistance to the Palace we need a larger membership so we are taking this opportunity to
bring the Friends to the attention of SAS members, particularly in West Sussex and Hampshire.
We have provided the Palace with a monitor screen and associated equipment to enable the events of
each day to be displayed in the reception area, saving the staff having to hand out pieces of paper and
explain everything to each visitor; we are financing the much-needed refurbishment of the display notices
in the Garden Museum; we have purchased a trolley for the Collections Discovery Centre and a memorial
bench for the garden, all of which the Palace and SAS had no funds to cover.
For further information on the Friends please see the SAS website or contact the Membership Secretary,
Anne Wingfield-Hayes, 01243 527495. And if you do see your way to joining and helping us, thanks in
advance.
10 Sussex Past & Present December 2012
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Library
LIBRARY & BOOKSHOP
BOOK REVIEWS
Books
Library News
am sure you all realise how much we depend on donations and
I bequests to keep the Library supported. Just over 5 years ago
we were fortunate to receive a bequest, specifically to the Library,
from the late Thomas Masson Moore of Lewes, to be used for the
purchase of books. He had been a regular user of the Library in the
time of Joyce Crow and Ken Dickins, and was well-known to both of
them. This has enabled us to purchase several desirable items which
we could not otherwise have afforded, such as the Cambridge Urban
History of Britain (3 vols), as well as providing additional support for
general purchases.
We have now reached the end of this fund, so this is an opportune
moment to remind Members and users of the Library to think of us
when writing their wills, and indeed if they can afford to donate at
other times. I notice that Thomas Masson Moore also left bequests
to the Wallace Collection and the Blue Cross (an animal charity), so
like him please consider several directions for your funds – everything
will be appreciated!
I list below some recent additions to the Library (all 2012):
ALLEN, Michael J, Editor
Is there a British Chalcolithic
ANDERSON-WHYMARK, Regional perspectives on Neolithic pit
Hugo, Editor
deposition
GARDNER, James
GILCRIST, Roberta
GREHAN, John
McCOOEY, Christopher
WILKINSON, Louise J
A History of the Brighton Workhouses
Medieval Life: archaeology and the life
course
Battleground of Sussex: a military
history of Sussex from the Iron Age to
the present day
Smuggling on the South Coast
Eleanor De Montfort
We are grateful to the following for their donations to the Library:
DG Bate; C & J Brent; J Hobbs; M Norman; T Sully; A Vincent;
R Wallace.
Esme Evans
Hon. Librarian
Bookshop
THE delicious Apples and Orchards
in Sussex is on the shelf at £15. Super
book, with central chapters on the
history of apple growing in Sussex
nestling comfortably between a
guide to Sussex apple varieties
and interviews with professional
fruit growers in Sussex, along with
other delights. The illustrations and
overall design are very tasty too.
Elsewhere in this newsletter
you will read the obituary of Alan
Stevens. Through the generosity of
Alan’s main beneficiary his books
have come to the Society. Quite a
few will go to enhance your Library
while the rest will gradually work
their way into the bookshop stock.
Further to this, I’m hoping to have
catalogued some of the highervalue
books by the New Year.
Shelf price will be sensible with the
usual reduction of 10-15% to SAS
members.
If you are interested in receiving a
copy of whatever it is that I produce
please send me either your email
address, or an A5 sae if you’d like
a hard copy. I’m at castlebooks@
sussexpast.co.uk and Barbican
House Bookshop, 169 High Street,
Lewes, BN7 1YE.
John Bleach
Barbican House Bookshop
The Borough
and Manor of
New Shoreham
Some Records of its
People & Places
The 1782 Manor
Survey Annotated
NEARLY one hundred years
ago, in 1921, Henry Cheal first
published his pioneering The Story
of Shoreham. He died in 1954, but
left extensive notes which Michael
Norman, a long-time resident of
Shoreham and former honorary
curator of Marlipins Museum, has
been using, editing and adding to
since 1951.
This new book is an edited and
organised version of a survey
of the Manor of New Shoreham
which was undertaken in 1782 by
the surveyor Joseph Hodgkinson
for the Duke of Norfolk, the then
Lord of the Manor. Subsequently
the original survey was annotated
by the Duke’s steward. This survey
is now the property of the current
Duke, who retains the copyright,
but the publication in this volume
of the Survey’s contents, together
with notes and suggestions of
the author/editor, allows the
historian and also the more casual
reader to gain an insight into the
development of the historic core
of New Shoreham. The book also
contains maps, some annotated,
including copies of Hodgkinson’s
of 1782, to show the situations of
the extensive number of properties
which are listed in the Manorial
rolls. The long-lost shipyards along
the river bank, like the one where
the Ropetackle Centre now stands,
are clearly shown and discussed,
with added information concerning
developments after 1782.
A cursory study reveals
fascinating aspects of Shoreham.
For example, the book reproduces
a memorandum which mentions
an Act ‘passed in the Thirty third
Year of His late Majesty’ (probably
1771) which state that all ships and
vessels entering Shoreham Harbour
were obliged to pay Duty in order to
maintain the harbour. In the same
memorandum it is stated that the
Lord of the Manor also received
£20 per annum for allowing a toll
bridge to replace his income from
the ferry which it displaced. The
Memorandum lists the ferry tolls,
ranging from one shilling for any
four-wheeled carriage to six pence
for twenty sheep or cows.
In another example, there was
an area described in 1782 as
‘A Tenement, Black Smiths Shp
Build g . Yard & Premises’ which was
situated on the river bank on the
High Street, westward from West
Street. This area was cut in half
when the new bridge was built in
1833. The Fountain Inn stood on
this site, and this was succeeded
by the Bridge Inn. The Sussex
Archaeological Society apparently
met at the Bridge Inn on occasion.
This Bridge Inn was demolished
when the High Street was widened
in 1938/9, and replaced by the
current manifestation of the Inn.
The material in the book relates
principally, but not exclusively, to
Shoreham. For example, a dispute
concerning a piece of land two acres
in extent in the Parish of Southwick
is described. This dispute between
a Nathal. Hall [apparently a
brewer] and Colvill Bridger Esq. [of
Buckingham House] was current in
1782, and no rent had been paid for
9 years. Rents and lessees for this
land are listed back to 1660. This
matter is of current interest because
it was apparently a descendant of
this Nathaniel Hall, a landowner
also called Nathaniel Hall, who
undertook the first excavation
of Southwick Roman Villa in the
1840s.
The survey reveals that the
Hannington family, later proprietors
of the late-lamented Hannington’s
department store in Brighton, were
also Shoreham landholders.
This book is an absolute
goldmine, and will be invaluable
to researchers of Shoreham’s
places and personalities. I hope
that Michael Norman will receive
the recognition and gratitude of
all who benefit from his work,
which is a fitting and welcome
accompaniment and extension to
Cheal’s History.
Jeffery Leigh
Michael W D Norman, 2011. Limited
edition published by the author
(a copy has been generously
donated to the Barbican House
Library - see opposite).
The Archaeology of
the South Downs
National Park - An
Introduction
THE Sussex Archaeological Society
is the centre for archaeological
research in the county and has
been since 1846 publishing
annual volumes on the history and
archaeology of the county. From
this huge archive of research many
synthetic books and articles have
come. With the establishment of
South Downs National Park it is
entirely appropriate that the first
book specifically on the Park derives
from the Society. John Manley’s
12 Sussex Past & Present December 2012
www.sussexpast.co.uk www.sussexpast.co.uk Sussex Past & Present December 2012 13

Books
BOOK REVIEWS
BOOK REVIEWS
Books
beautifully written, illustrated and
presented book is the first in a
new series on many aspects of
the South Downs. The words and
pictures evoke a mysterious place
where people lived, farmed, met
others, defended places, made
religious centres and kept in touch
with their ancestors.
With some 400,000 years of
archaeology present on the South
Downs, Dr Manley has had to
be somewhat selective in his
approach. Instead of attempting
a history of the South Downs
set down chronologically he has
opted to let each section tell the
story of some enduring activity;
like gathering resources from the
earth, buildings people lived in,
meeting places, beliefs, defensive
displays and keeping in touch with
the ancestors. This approach could
have made an understanding of the
area and its archaeology somewhat
difficult for newcomers to the South
Downs, but it does not; instead
it clearly links the past with the
present. The South Downs was
not always an empty agricultural
landscape; great gatherings have
always taken place, from the
Neolithic causewayed enclosures
some 6000 years ago to the Amex
Community Stadium of today.
So why is this book so special
and why should every member of
the SAS buy one today Firstly at a
stroke it will update your knowledge
of the archaeology of the South
Downs. Whether your interests are
in prehistory, the Middle Ages, or
modern land use there is something
in this book for you. It is also a great
entry to the archaeology of the
South Downs for people interested
in the area without any former
interest in archaeology.
For the last couple of months
it has sat on my coffee table and
numerous passing friends, relatives
and neighbours have picked it up
and asked where they could get a
copy. This is exactly what the SAS
is for – getting people interested in
the past of Sussex. This book will
do that. Buy a copy now, both for
yourself and as an entry to the past
in Sussex for all your friends and
neighbours.
Peter Drewett
By John Manley, 2012.
The Sussex Archaeology Society,
Lewes.
ISBN 978-0-904973-22-8.
Paperback, 87 Pages, £8.95
A History of
the Brighton
Workhouses
THIS book deals with an issue
which is timely, for we are again
debating what we can afford to
spend on benefits, how they can
be fairly distributed and monitored
so those who can work are
encouraged to do so and how to
provide for children, disabled and
elderly people who need care. This
book demonstrates that in the past
many people lacked families who
could afford to care for them or who
would seek do so and that then as
now, a system of basic support of
some form was needed. The big
difference between the debates
from the Tudor period until the
mid-1940s and nowadays is that
all expenditure was met directly by
local ratepayers.
Thus this book is a study of the
issues of local management and
accountability in the context of ‘the
poor’ - ‘localism’ in action. Rates
(now called Council Tax) were
collected locally as they are today
but the state did not recycle money
from income tax and business rates
in to local government as it does
now, currently forming the greater
part of the money spent locally.
Local taxpayers, quite a small part
of the local community, paid for
everything that was either a legal
requirement such as care of the
poor, or desirable such as running
the public gardens. Local meetings
about expenditure were often
lively. Ratepayers wanted cheating
stopped and accountability. In
this book there are examples of
governors of the workhouse, staff,
inmates and those on weekly pay
abusing the system.
The parish of Brighton was only
responsible for its own poor; the
three workhouses (of 1727, 1822
and 1860s) were funded by its
residents and did not take in poor
from other parishes that are now
within the City. These had to go
to other workhouses. By the early
18th century it also paid a weekly
amount to poor people who, in
the view of the overseers, might
find work or for other reasons
were best left in their own home, a
practice which continued into the
1940s and was the precursor to the
benefits system. The preference
was to keep people employed,
both within the workhouse and also
by keeping weekly income tightly
controlled. The strength of the book
is the detailed study of the period
between the 1850s and the end of
the Poor Law in the mid 1940s. The
lives of inmates and of employees
of the workhouse and the Industrial
School at Warren Road reflect how
hard it must have been to be poor
and also how to manage a fair and
effective means of supporting those
in need. We have perhaps had our
attitudes to the Workhouse overly
strongly affected by the novels of
Dickens and others who depicted
them as a nightmare. But few of
the critics even tried to find a more
effective solution to a system of
care which would not totally absorb
local revenues or result in one town
or parish becoming a target due
to the quality of treatment offered
by many people who did not live
locally.
There are a couple of errors in the
early section; for example the ‘Great
Storm’ of 1703 did not destroy many
fishermen’s dwellings below the cliff
(there is plenty of archival evidence
to disprove this wonderful piece of
18th century journalism) and, when
Brighton’s fortunes declined, many
of the young people did as they
would today and ‘upped sticks’.
Mr Gardner is to be applauded
for wading through many sources
and bringing to our attention the
great dilemma of the 19th century
– how does one deal with the care
of the poor in rapidly expanding
towns where employment was so
cyclical as in Brighton. What we
have to remember is that with the
workhouses, weekly pay, soup
kitchens, mendacity charities,
dispensaries and hospitals all
aimed at helping the poor, local
people tried hard to help. This book
reveals how difficult it was to ensure
that treatment was reasonable and
fair and not subject to exploitation.
The debate on how best to do this
continues.
Sue Berry
By James Gardner, 2012. Published
by the author: 5 East Way, Lewes,
BN7 1NG. ISBN 978-0-9536101-1-
2. 442pp with illustrations. £19.95.
The Glynde
Butterflies
Stoolball Team
1866-1887
England’s first
female sports stars
IT is most appropriate, in this
Olympic year when the President
of the IOC at the opening of
London 2012 emphasised the role
of the British in codifying so many
games and sporting events, that
Andrew Lusted has published this
work on stoolball. Following on
the success of several previous
publications relating to Glynde,
Andrew has turned his attention to
the 19th century sporting ladies of
his home village and others close
by who were, it transpires from his
research, world leaders in the field
of women’s team games.
Two Sussex firsts are recorded in
this interesting report of the prowess
of the delightfully named Glynde
Butterflies, Chailey Grasshoppers,
Waldron Bees, and Selmeston
Harvest Bugs, and other local
ladies sports teams.
The origins of stoolball are little
understood and versions of the
game may originally have been
played in many parts of England.
The modern game is confined
almost exclusively to the south
eastern counties, predominantly
in Sussex but also extending
west into Hampshire, north into
Surrey and east into Kent, with
one remarkable outlier in Sutton
Coldfield in Birmingham. The
game has long interested sport
historians as articles in our own
collections by John Lowerson
(1995) and John Goulstone (1998)
testify. One notable supporter was
Sir William Grantham of Barcombe
who actively promoted the game,
albeit somewhat eccentrically, in
the early 20th century. Sir William’s
significant collection of memorabilia
and his scrap books are held in the
working papers room in the library
at Barbican House. As a trainee
teacher at Bishop Otter College in
the 1950s I recall being introduced
to the (to me) unfamiliar game,
because we were almost certain
to come upon it when we were
unleashed upon local schools for
our school practices. More recently,
but still some time ago, one of my
daughters played for a junior team in
Crowborough. Many of the present
day clubs field mixed teams but in
origin it was exclusively a women’s
game – introduced, perhaps, to
provide a female equivalent to
cricket.
In the course of his research
into stoolball Andrew uncovered
documentary evidence for a female
cricket team playing regularly at
Glynde, several years before the
Yorkshire club team who claim
to be the oldest established in
the country. In addition he proves
without doubt that the first rules
of stoolball were established and
published in the East Sussex News,
probably at the instigation of the
indefatigable Glynde Butterflies, in
1867. This is earlier than the rules
of any other women’s team sport.
Most striking too is the evidence
for universal participation in the
sport. Considering the class
conscious times it is revealing that
here in Sussex, on the sports field
at least, village girls, the daughters
of the manse and of the local squire,
all participated in the local teams.
If you know anyone who has an
interest in Stoolball this book is a
must; a stocking filler for Christmas
perhaps.
Pamela Combes
By Andrew Lusted, 2011.
Copies available in Barbican House
bookshop or direct from the author at
Welsted, Glynde, Lewes, BN8 6SU.
Price £7.00 plus £1.20 postage,
cheques payable to Andrew Lusted.
14 Sussex Past & Present December 2012
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Snippets
Help Protect Local
Historic Gardens
THE Sussex Gardens Trust (www.
sussexgardenstrust.org.uk) is a
charity promoting the conservation
and appreciation of gardens and
parks in our area, and part of a family
of 35 gardens trusts around Britain
working together under the umbrella
of the Association of Gardens
Trusts (www.gardenstrusts.org.
uk). We are embarking on a project
to develop Local Lists of significant
parks and gardens which will
be incorporated into the local
authority’s Historic Environment
Record. We aim to ensure that
important sites are recorded and
protected from development. Our
campaign is supported by a new
government initiative to encourage
the development of Local Lists
through partnerships between
local organisations like the Sussex
Gardens Trust and local authorities.
Local Lists record and recognise
sites of historic and cultural interest
to the community, including
buildings, monuments and special
places, as well as parks, gardens
and designed landscapes. The
south-east especially suffers from
development pressures of many
kinds, and without the information
and recognition given in a Local List,
many historic sites are vulnerable
to inappropriate change or lack of
proper maintenance. Gardens can
suffer from decay or damage to
built structures, views can become
blocked by self-sown trees, water
features no longer function as
intended, surfaces of paths and
drives become degraded, and
garden buildings are subject to
damp, cracking and even collapse.
We want to prevent this happening
to the gardens we value in Sussex,
but we need help to make this
possible.
We offer training courses in
how to research a site, including
practical sessions on identifying
historic features on maps, using
archive resources and carrying out
a site survey. We will establish the
purpose of Local Listing, explaining
why it is important for conserving
our garden heritage and how you
can contribute. You will also be
introduced to the methodology
of writing up a site report using
the format developed by English
Heritage for the National Heritage
List, where all types of heritage of
national importance are recorded
(www.english-heritage.org.uk/
list). The training courses are free of
charge and lunch and refreshments
are provided.
Please contact Jennie Starr
who will be happy to discuss how
you can contribute to the project
and enrol you on our next training
course. Tel 01323 461310 or email
starrhouse@clara.co.uk.
The South Downs
Series
THE ‘South Downs Series’ is a
novel and exciting venture for the
Society: a series of books (edited
by Robin Milner-Gulland, member
of Council, and John Manley, the
Society’s Research Fellow), of
which John Manley’s ‘Archaeology
of the South Downs National Park:
an Introduction’ is the first to
appear. A generous grant from the
SDNP Authority, and a gift from a
private donor, have covered the
initial publication costs. We trust
that sales will make a contribution
to the Society’s finances, and that
the volumes will raise its public
profile.
They are quite short (each
about 20,000 words of text),
keeping costs down, but lavishly
produced with around 100 colour
illustrations, some of them specially
commissioned aerial photos and
maps etc. They will be on sale at all
the Society’s properties open to the
public, as well as local bookshops.
The books are written by
specialists but intended for a wide
public. The next two, already at
an advanced stage of preparation,
will be on Geology and Physical
Landscape (by David Robinson)
and Wildlife and Biodiversity (by
Robin Crane with Rendel Williams).
These three together will make
a wonderful overview of varied
aspects of the South Downs area; I
know of no comparable series.
Depending on their success -
and first signs in the case of John’s
book augur well - it is to be hoped
that the project will continue:
indeed the great Peter Brandon
had already roughed out a scheme
for such a book before his recent
death. Further ideas welcome!
Robin Milner-Gulland
Next Issue
THE Sussex Past & Present
newsletter is published three
times a year, in April, August and
December. The next issue will be
published in April 2013; the copy
deadline is 15th February. Letters
and ‘snippets’ are welcome;
longer items should be kept to a
maximum of 500 words unless prior
arrangements have been made with
the editor, Wendy Muriel, at spp@
sussexpast.co.uk, or Luke Barber
on 01273 405733. Please note
that we require images with most
contributions, preferably in high
quality colour format. To submit
digitally, please use MS Word
(preferably 97-2003 format) for text
and send images in JPEG or TIFF
formats, at a minimum resolution
of 600dpi. Correspondence and
details of events should be sent to
Wendy Muriel, Editor, Sussex Past &
Present, Bull House, 92 High Street,
Lewes, East Sussex, BN7 1XH, or
emailed to the above address.
Rates for insertions into the
newsletter, which goes out to over
2000 members, start at £100 (plus
minimum handling charge of £20).
Contact Lorna Gartside on 01273
405737 for details.
16
Sussex Past & Present December 2012
www.sussexpast.co.uk