PENNPRINTOUT - University of Pennsylvania

I want to include sound files with a
presentation I’m making. How can I
determine the size of the sound files
before actually recording them?
To calculate the approximate size for an 8-bit,
monoaural, (i.e., not stereo) file, use this formula:
(number of seconds of audio) x (sample rate in kHz)
= file size in Kbytes
For example, 7-seconds of audio recorded at 11 kHz
would require approximately 77 Kbytes of disk space. If
you’re recording in stereo, you need to double the file size.
Likewise, using 16-bit sampling doubles the file size
again. So the same 7-seconds of audio recorded at 16-bit
stereo at 44 kHz would take approximately 1.2 megabytes!
((((7 seconds) x 44) x 2) x 2) = 1,232 Kbytes
—Mary A. Griffin, CRC
I’m confused about the various IDs and
passwords I need on PennNet and the
Internet.
You and many other people! Penn’s network-based
services are housed on various computers, more or less
analogous to offices in a protected complex; the complex
and each electronic service have their own levels and types
of security. Your PennNet ID and password are analogous
to the key that lets you enter the complex. The PennNet
computer then checks its database to verify that you are a
bona fide member of the Penn community. Once you’re
“in,” you can access specific services on other computers
at Penn.
Additional IDs and passwords may be required for
these computers, just as keys may be required for individual
offices. The Library’s catalog, Franklin, requires no
further verification of your identity, while mail services,
such as those on mail.sas.upenn.edu and dolphin.upenn.edu,
require their account-holders to enter a login (user) ID and
password. When you set up an account for a service such
as e-mail, you can make your ID and password identical to
your PennNet ID and password if the system permits, or
you may have to choose a different ID and password. The
Library databases, such as PsychInfo and the OED, don’t
require you to set up an account but you must enter your
Q A &
SSN to verify eligibility when you access them. Still other
services require you to enter “guest” as your user ID and
your e-mail address as the password.
Your PennNet ID and password are also your keys to
the worldwide Internet, which is a set of interconnected
networks including PennNet. As with Penn services, the
services (databases, libraries, etc.) on other Internetconnected
computers may require additional IDs or
passwords. —Edda Katz, ISC Communications
Recently, I accidentally deleted some
important files in my root DOS directory.
How can I prevent that from happening
in the future?
The easiest way to protect important files is to make
copies of them and save them in a special subdirectory set
up to protect against accidental erasure. Many of the files
in your root DOS directory should be protected this way.
To copy the most important files in five easy steps, follow
these instructions:
1 First go to the C: prompt and make sure that you are in
the root directory by typing CD\
2 Now type MD DIRECTORYNAME (Note: replace
DIRECTORYNAME with a name appropriate for your
special subdirectory in the line above and in the commands
below. Good choices might be SPECIAL or
PROTECT)
3 Type COPY *.BAT C:\DIRECTORYNAME
4 Next, type COPY C:\WINDOWS\*.INI
C:\DIRECTORYNAME
5 Finally, type COPY C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM\*.INI
C:\DIRECTORYNAME
You will now have copies of your most important
DOS and Windows system files in the directory that you
created. If you accidentally delete an important file, you
will be able to restore it from the copy in your new
subdirectory. You should periodically go through the steps
above to update your copies so that they remain current.
—Joseph R. Harris, CRC
APRIL 1995 31