World Congress of Malacology Antwerp ... - Unitas Malacologica
World Congress of Malacology Antwerp ... - Unitas Malacologica World Congress of Malacology Antwerp ... - Unitas Malacologica
Global patterns of diversity and speciation in tropical marine mollusks Williams, Suzanne; Reid, David Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK, Email: s.williams@nhm.ac.uk; d.reid@nhm.ac.uk Today, the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) is the largest marine biogeographic province and the richest in terms of species diversity, especially for shallow water marine invertebrates. The origin of this diversity and the timing of its appearance are of particular interest because it has been suggested that the tropics are the source of many evolutionary novelties and that they have provided a species pool, from which temperate regions were populated. Molecular phylogenies for the genus Turbo and for the subfamily Turbininae were used to assess the consequences of temperature regime and tectonic events on the diversification of turban shell species, with particular focus on the IWP. Both Bayesian and parsimony analyses of the subfamily recovered five clades and suggested that temperate habitat is an ancestral character in at least four. Therefore, in contrast to most fossil evidence for molluscs, the tropics are not acting as a source of genetic diversity for temperate and polar regions. Instead it appears likely that the latitudinal gradient in this group is best explained by higher rates of diversification in the tropics. Phylogenetic analyses of the genus Turbo in combination with the fossil evidence suggest that present day IWP is behaving as both a cradle of diversity (with new species originating in situ) and a museum of diversity (with lineages that pre-date its isolation also being maintained). A period of rapid diversification in the IWP was observed to begin approximately 24-25 Ma in both Turbo and the tropical periwinkles, Echinolittorina, corresponding to the time period when Australia and New Guinea collided with Southeast Asia. These tectonic events resulted in increased shallow water habitat and a mosaic of different habitats able to support a large number of taxa within the small central IWP area, resulting in what is commonly known as the ‘centre-of-diversity’. Non-reciprocal hybridization against asymmetric introgression of mtDNA in Snails Wiwegweaw, Amporn 1 ; Asami, Takahiro 2 1. Department of Biology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan, Email: ampornwiwegweaw@yahoo.com 2. Email: asami99@shinshu-u.ac.jp Population surveys with molecular markers often reveal that introgression is ordinary between related species. It leads to recent concerns of genetic pollution through hybridization with introduced aliens. Non-reciprocal introgression of mtDNA has naively been thought to indicate the direction of hybridization with no biological examination. Here we show that simple interpretation of introgression detected by molecular markers misleads us to a wrong conclusion of non-reciprocal hybridization. The terrestrial pulmonates Bradybaena pellucida (BP) and B. similaris (BS) can clearly be distinguished only by penial surface structure. BP is endemic to western Japan, while BS from overseas has been introduced to most lowlands. Our survey of mtDNA haplotypes in eastern Japan has detected introgression significantly more frequently across collection sites of BP than of BS, regardless of allopatry or sympatry. This pattern of introgression would normally be interpreted that mtDNA leaks from BS to BP more often or easily than vice versa, with little doubt of hybrid production by BS. On the contrary, we found that BS seldom produces hybrids, despite simultaneous reciprocal copulation with BP. The latter instead produces hybrids with no breakdown. Then, another ordinary interpretation is that BS leaks mtDNA by backcrossing with hybrids. We again, however, found that BS copulates with a hybrid but does not reproduce, while the hybrid partner does. These crossing experiments indicate that mtDNA leakage from BS to BP cannot be easier or frequent than vice versa, against the ordinary interpretations. The frequent detection of introgression from BS to BP could only be explained by carry-over of alien haplotypes by BP that has recently expanded distribution, or by frequent dispersals of BS into BP populations. Out results exemplify that 244
introgression patterns detected by molecular markers could mislead us to wrong interpretations of non-reciprocal hybridization without examination of underlying mechanisms. New molluscan names introduced by César-Marie-Felix Ancey Wood, Harriet; Gallichan, Jennifer Department of BioSyB, National Museums Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NP, UK, Email: Harriet.Wood@museumwales.ac.uk; Jennifer.Gallichan@museumwales.ac.uk César-Marie-Felix Ancey (1860-1906) was a keen land and freshwater snail collector with a wide geographical interest. He lived in Algeria for most of his adult life and mainly focused on snails from the Hawaiian Islands, Central Asia and South America but he also covered Europe, Africa and north America. In his short conchological career he was known to have described some 550 taxa and published over 140 papers. After Ancey’s death Edouard Fischer (1908) published a list of his many small publications on mollusca and Paul Geret (1909) published a list of Ancey’s introduced molluscan names. Neither of these lists were however complete, perhaps partly because Ancey’s articles were often very short and he published in some obscure scientific journals. When Geret sold Ancey’s collection after his death it became fragmented and now specimens mainly reside in Cardiff (Melvill-Tomlin collection), Brussels (Dautzenberg collection), Honolulu, Paris, and London (Connolly collection). Our current project is to expand on the work already undertaken by Fischer and Geret and to provide a definitive list of Ancey’s bibliography and his introduced new molluscan names. Tomlin purchased many lots from Ancey’s collection in 1919 and 1923 and kept the Geret sales lists in his archive. These lists provided an excellent starting point when investigating the Ancey types located in the National Museum of Wales Melvill-Tomlin collection. We have now researched and imaged all of these specimens and labels. Through our research we have also uncovered many types in other institutions, many of which were previously unidentified. We are compiling all of this information into a museum publication which will provide a strong starting point for researchers hoping to make revisions of any of Ancey’s taxa. Land snails diversity patterns in Uganda Wronski, Torsten; Hausdorf, Bernhard Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany, Email: t_wronski@gmx.de; hausdorf@zoologie.uni-hamburg.de The Albertine Rift Valley has been identified as one of the major biodiversity hotspots world-wide and as an area with an extraordinary high rate of endemism. We sampled land snails in indigenous forests along the Albertine Rift and the Lake Victoria forest belt in western Uganda. 169 species of snails and slugs were recorded from 60 sites in 13 forests which are part of protected areas. The number of species per forest varies between 33 and 68. Between 4 and 44 species have been recorded per 20m x 20m plot. The majority of the species are small litter dwellers, with 73% having a major shell dimension of less than 5 mm. There is a hump-shaped relation between species richness and altitude. Richness increased with altitude between 700 and 2000m above sea level, but decreases with altitude above 2000m. The distribution areas of the Ugandan land snails are significantly clustered. Five biotic elements can be distinguished. One is restricted to the areas above 1500m in SW Uganda, another highland element is centred in Mgahinga, the highest site (2570m altitude), one widespread lowland element is found in areas below 2000m, another lowland element in areas below 1500m and one element is restricted to the NE part of the study area (Semliki, Budonga, Mabira). 245
- Page 273 and 274: Freshwater snail diversity of Grand
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- Page 303 and 304: were able to detect weak genetic di
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- Page 307 and 308: epresented by 23 spp. (7.1 %) and t
- Page 309 and 310: New inventory and conservation meth
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- Page 333 and 334: ERRATA The abstract of Iwata, Yoko;
- Page 335 and 336: AUTHOR INDEX Abbes, I. 1 Abbott, C.
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- Page 343 and 344: Addresses of Delegates Abbes, Intid
- Page 345 and 346: Bakhmet, Igor N. Institute of Biolo
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- Page 351 and 352: Fields, Angela University of the We
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introgression patterns detected by molecular markers could mislead us to wrong interpretations <strong>of</strong><br />
non-reciprocal hybridization without examination <strong>of</strong> underlying mechanisms.<br />
New molluscan names introduced by César-Marie-Felix Ancey<br />
Wood, Harriet; Gallichan, Jennifer<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> BioSyB, National Museums Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NP,<br />
UK,<br />
Email: Harriet.Wood@museumwales.ac.uk;<br />
Jennifer.Gallichan@museumwales.ac.uk<br />
César-Marie-Felix Ancey (1860-1906) was a keen land and freshwater snail collector with a wide<br />
geographical interest. He lived in Algeria for most <strong>of</strong> his adult life and mainly focused on snails from<br />
the Hawaiian Islands, Central Asia and South America but he also covered Europe, Africa and north<br />
America. In his short conchological career he was known to have described some 550 taxa and<br />
published over 140 papers. After Ancey’s death Edouard Fischer (1908) published a list <strong>of</strong> his many<br />
small publications on mollusca and Paul Geret (1909) published a list <strong>of</strong> Ancey’s introduced<br />
molluscan names. Neither <strong>of</strong> these lists were however complete, perhaps partly because Ancey’s<br />
articles were <strong>of</strong>ten very short and he published in some obscure scientific journals. When Geret sold<br />
Ancey’s collection after his death it became fragmented and now specimens mainly reside in Cardiff<br />
(Melvill-Tomlin collection), Brussels (Dautzenberg collection), Honolulu, Paris, and London<br />
(Connolly collection).<br />
Our current project is to expand on the work already undertaken by Fischer and Geret and to provide<br />
a definitive list <strong>of</strong> Ancey’s bibliography and his introduced new molluscan names. Tomlin purchased<br />
many lots from Ancey’s collection in 1919 and 1923 and kept the Geret sales lists in his archive.<br />
These lists provided an excellent starting point when investigating the Ancey types located in the<br />
National Museum <strong>of</strong> Wales Melvill-Tomlin collection. We have now researched and imaged all <strong>of</strong><br />
these specimens and labels. Through our research we have also uncovered many types in other<br />
institutions, many <strong>of</strong> which were previously unidentified. We are compiling all <strong>of</strong> this information<br />
into a museum publication which will provide a strong starting point for researchers hoping to make<br />
revisions <strong>of</strong> any <strong>of</strong> Ancey’s taxa.<br />
Land snails diversity patterns in Uganda<br />
Wronski, Torsten; Hausdorf, Bernhard<br />
Zoological Museum, University <strong>of</strong> Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-20146 Hamburg,<br />
Germany, Email: t_wronski@gmx.de; hausdorf@zoologie.uni-hamburg.de<br />
The Albertine Rift Valley has been identified as one <strong>of</strong> the major biodiversity hotspots world-wide<br />
and as an area with an extraordinary high rate <strong>of</strong> endemism. We sampled land snails in indigenous<br />
forests along the Albertine Rift and the Lake Victoria forest belt in western Uganda. 169 species <strong>of</strong><br />
snails and slugs were recorded from 60 sites in 13 forests which are part <strong>of</strong> protected areas. The<br />
number <strong>of</strong> species per forest varies between 33 and 68. Between 4 and 44 species have been recorded<br />
per 20m x 20m plot. The majority <strong>of</strong> the species are small litter dwellers, with 73% having a major<br />
shell dimension <strong>of</strong> less than 5 mm.<br />
There is a hump-shaped relation between species richness and altitude. Richness increased with<br />
altitude between 700 and 2000m above sea level, but decreases with altitude above 2000m.<br />
The distribution areas <strong>of</strong> the Ugandan land snails are significantly clustered. Five biotic elements can<br />
be distinguished. One is restricted to the areas above 1500m in SW Uganda, another highland<br />
element is centred in Mgahinga, the highest site (2570m altitude), one widespread lowland element is<br />
found in areas below 2000m, another lowland element in areas below 1500m and one element is<br />
restricted to the NE part <strong>of</strong> the study area (Semliki, Budonga, Mabira).<br />
245