World Congress of Malacology Antwerp ... - Unitas Malacologica
World Congress of Malacology Antwerp ... - Unitas Malacologica World Congress of Malacology Antwerp ... - Unitas Malacologica
ehaviour near the zone of contact. Mating behaviour of this group is very complex, including a sudden penis eversion and mutual sperm exchange from penis to penis, which demands perfect synchronisation between the partners. Earlier studies had revealed differences in mating behaviour between allopatric populations causing prezygotic reproductive isolation. Our new experiments involved slugs collected at two contact zones and from several kilometres away on either side of each zone. They were first isolated and then pairs were put together under observation in the laboratory. From 610 couples, 206 started courtship behaviour, that is each everted its sarcobelum, a penial organ with which they stroke one another. The three species showed differences in sarcobelum shape and way of stroking. Nevertheless, these differences did not lead many couples to break off mating, and 199 proceeded to copulation, i.e. everted their penes. However, video analysis revealed that many did not succeed in mutual sperm exchange, mainly caused by imperfect synchronisation or by misalignment of penes due to shape differences. Snails as bio-indicators - Imposex of the netted whelk Nassarius reticulatus in Brittany along a transect from a point source Vogt, Christian 1 , Schmitt, Claudia 2 , Wirzinger, Gertraud 1 , Scheider, Jessica 1 ; Oehlmann, Jörg 1 1. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Siesmayerstrasse 70, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany, Email: vogt@bio.uni-frankfurt.de; wirzinger@bio.uni-frankfurt.de; j.scheider@bio.uni-frankfurt.de; oehlmann@bio.uni-frankfurt.de 2. University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Universiteitsplein 1, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium, Email: claudia.schmitt@ua.ac.be Imposex, the development of additional male sex organs in female prosobranch snails, is caused by endocrine disruptors with androgenic potential, such as tributyltin (TBT), a biocide and a component of antifouling paints. In a field survey, imposex intensities in Nassarius reticulatus, collected from 2004 to 2007 at 7 different sites in the coastal area of Roscoff, were investigated. In all years, the vas deferens sequence index (VDSI) showed a decrease along a transect with distance from the harbour. In addition to VDSI values, the penis length of males and females was measured. The median female penis length decreased with increasing distance from the harbour. This correlation was significant in all sampling years. Neither the VDSI nor the female penis length showed significant differences in all sampling years for a given site. A comparison of pooled VDSI data in N. reticulatus with the amount of TBT-Sn in water and snail tissue resulted in a highly positive relation. Harbours can be contaminated with TBT for several years, therefore our observations indicate still high TBT concentrations in the sediments. This conclusion is supported by the results of a temporal trend monitoring of imposex intensities in N. reticulatus at four sites in and around Roscoff over a period of 17 years (1989 to 2006). While there is only little evidence for a recovery from imposex intensities at two sites in or directly influenced by a harbour, VDSI values dropped at two reference sites. Countercurrent and continuity in gastropods Voltzow, Janice Department of Biology, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA 18510-4625, USA, Email: voltzowj2@scranton.edu Complementary to the vascular circulatory system of molluscs is the flow of water through the mantle cavity. Water flowing through the gills provides the oxygen collected by the countercurrent flow of hemolymph in the circulatory system. Thus the two systems oppose each other in direction of flow and diffusion of gases. Water moving through the mantle cavity obeys the principle of continuity. Water flows most slowly at the largest cross-sectional area of the system, the spaces between the lamellae of the gills, facilitating diffusion across the epithelium of the gill. In addition, the water carries chemical signals and nutrients that can be detected by the osphradium in gastropods 234
and collected on the gill in suspension-feeding species. In the vascular system a muscular, chambered heart pumps water through arteries, interstitial spaces, and veins. In contrast, cilia on the surface of the gill pump water through the mantle cavity. Flow rate appears to depend upon the diameters of the incurrent and excurrent openings of the mantle cavity, which are controlled by the muscle and connective tissue fibers in the mantle tissue. Pleistocene refugia in Patagonia: Evidence from the freshwater snail genus Chilina (Gastropoda: Chilinidae) von Oheimb, Parm Viktor 1 ; Riedel, Frank 2 ; Wilke, Thomas 1 1. Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff- Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany, Email: Parm.von.Oheimb@gmx.de, Tom.Wilke@allzool.bio.uni-giessen.de 2. Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Geological Sciences, Centre for Ecosystem Dynamics, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, Haus D, 12249 Berlin, Email: paleobio@zedat.fu-berlin.de The evolution of the Patagonian ice fields since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is of great interest regarding the peopling of the southern cone of South America. It is generally believed that the homogenous ice sheet made it impossible for humans migrating by boats going further south and therefore humans migrating through the ice free Pampas were the first reaching the Land of Fire. There is, however, anecdotic evidence that ice free areas along the western edge of Patagonia existed that may have permitted an earlier human colonisation. Here, we use phylogeographical patterns of the freshwater gastropod genus Chilina GRAY, 1828 for testing the Pleistocene refuge hypothesis in western Patagonia. Chilina is a basommatophoran genus that is restricted to the southern South America with several described species. The species of this taxon live in lotic habitats and the occurrence is thus dependant on ice free environments. Therefore, extant Chilina populations in Patagonia must either have colonised this area after the LGM or have survived in ice free freshwater areas within Patagonia. Given this background, we are studying the phylogeography of Chilina spp. from the south-western parts of South America (Argentina, Chile) using mitochondrial genes (COI, LSU rDNA). Preliminary phylogenetic analyses show that the individuals studied form three main clades. The first clade contains most of the individuals collected on the South American mainland. The second clade consists of individuals collected on offshore islands (Chiloé Island and Wellington Island) and a third clade is formed by snails from a single mainland locality. We also found relatively high within and between population diversities that may indicate the existence of ice free freshwater habitats during the LGM. Multiple immigration events, however, can not be fully excluded as explanation for the patterns seen in our data. Therefore, we are currently extending our dataset both with additional populations and additional markers in order to obtain a more precise phylogeographical picture of this taxon. Pupilla pratensis (Clessin, 1871) a distinct species in the form group of Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Pupillidae) von Proschwitz, Ted 1 ; Schander, Christoffer 2 ; Jueg, Uwe 3 ; Thorkildsen, Solveig 2 1. Göteborg Natural History Museum, Section of Invertebrate Zoology, P. O. Box 7283, SE-40235 Göteborg, Sweden, Email: ted.v.proschwitz@gnm.se 2. University of Bergen, Department of Biology, P. O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway, Email: schander@bio.uib.no 3. Schweriner Allee 16, D-19288 Ludwigslust, Germany, Email: uwejueg@t-online.de 235
- Page 263 and 264: In a rather conservative approach 1
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- Page 333 and 334: ERRATA The abstract of Iwata, Yoko;
- Page 335 and 336: AUTHOR INDEX Abbes, I. 1 Abbott, C.
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- Page 343 and 344: Addresses of Delegates Abbes, Intid
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- Page 351 and 352: Fields, Angela University of the We
- Page 353 and 354: Glover, Emily Department of Zoology
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ehaviour near the zone <strong>of</strong> contact. Mating behaviour <strong>of</strong> this group is very complex, including a<br />
sudden penis eversion and mutual sperm exchange from penis to penis, which demands perfect<br />
synchronisation between the partners. Earlier studies had revealed differences in mating behaviour<br />
between allopatric populations causing prezygotic reproductive isolation. Our new experiments<br />
involved slugs collected at two contact zones and from several kilometres away on either side <strong>of</strong> each<br />
zone. They were first isolated and then pairs were put together under observation in the laboratory.<br />
From 610 couples, 206 started courtship behaviour, that is each everted its sarcobelum, a penial organ<br />
with which they stroke one another. The three species showed differences in sarcobelum shape and<br />
way <strong>of</strong> stroking. Nevertheless, these differences did not lead many couples to break <strong>of</strong>f mating, and<br />
199 proceeded to copulation, i.e. everted their penes. However, video analysis revealed that many did<br />
not succeed in mutual sperm exchange, mainly caused by imperfect synchronisation or by<br />
misalignment <strong>of</strong> penes due to shape differences.<br />
Snails as bio-indicators - Imposex <strong>of</strong> the netted whelk Nassarius reticulatus in Brittany along a<br />
transect from a point source<br />
Vogt, Christian 1 , Schmitt, Claudia 2 , Wirzinger, Gertraud 1 , Scheider, Jessica 1 ; Oehlmann, Jörg 1<br />
1. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology,<br />
Siesmayerstrasse 70, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany,<br />
Email: vogt@bio.uni-frankfurt.de; wirzinger@bio.uni-frankfurt.de; j.scheider@bio.uni-frankfurt.de;<br />
oehlmann@bio.uni-frankfurt.de<br />
2. University <strong>of</strong> <strong>Antwerp</strong>, Department <strong>of</strong> Biology, Universiteitsplein 1, 2000 <strong>Antwerp</strong>, Belgium,<br />
Email: claudia.schmitt@ua.ac.be<br />
Imposex, the development <strong>of</strong> additional male sex organs in female prosobranch snails, is caused by<br />
endocrine disruptors with androgenic potential, such as tributyltin (TBT), a biocide and a component<br />
<strong>of</strong> antifouling paints. In a field survey, imposex intensities in Nassarius reticulatus, collected from<br />
2004 to 2007 at 7 different sites in the coastal area <strong>of</strong> Rosc<strong>of</strong>f, were investigated. In all years, the vas<br />
deferens sequence index (VDSI) showed a decrease along a transect with distance from the harbour.<br />
In addition to VDSI values, the penis length <strong>of</strong> males and females was measured. The median female<br />
penis length decreased with increasing distance from the harbour. This correlation was significant in<br />
all sampling years. Neither the VDSI nor the female penis length showed significant differences in all<br />
sampling years for a given site. A comparison <strong>of</strong> pooled VDSI data in N. reticulatus with the amount<br />
<strong>of</strong> TBT-Sn in water and snail tissue resulted in a highly positive relation. Harbours can be<br />
contaminated with TBT for several years, therefore our observations indicate still high TBT<br />
concentrations in the sediments. This conclusion is supported by the results <strong>of</strong> a temporal trend<br />
monitoring <strong>of</strong> imposex intensities in N. reticulatus at four sites in and around Rosc<strong>of</strong>f over a period<br />
<strong>of</strong> 17 years (1989 to 2006). While there is only little evidence for a recovery from imposex intensities<br />
at two sites in or directly influenced by a harbour, VDSI values dropped at two reference sites.<br />
Countercurrent and continuity in gastropods<br />
Voltzow, Janice<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Biology, University <strong>of</strong> Scranton, Scranton, PA 18510-4625, USA,<br />
Email: voltzowj2@scranton.edu<br />
Complementary to the vascular circulatory system <strong>of</strong> molluscs is the flow <strong>of</strong> water through the<br />
mantle cavity. Water flowing through the gills provides the oxygen collected by the countercurrent<br />
flow <strong>of</strong> hemolymph in the circulatory system. Thus the two systems oppose each other in direction <strong>of</strong><br />
flow and diffusion <strong>of</strong> gases. Water moving through the mantle cavity obeys the principle <strong>of</strong><br />
continuity. Water flows most slowly at the largest cross-sectional area <strong>of</strong> the system, the spaces<br />
between the lamellae <strong>of</strong> the gills, facilitating diffusion across the epithelium <strong>of</strong> the gill. In addition,<br />
the water carries chemical signals and nutrients that can be detected by the osphradium in gastropods<br />
234