World Congress of Malacology Antwerp ... - Unitas Malacologica

Updating the knowledge about the family Bornellidae (Mollusca, Nudibranchia,
Dendronotina): Systematics and preliminary phylogeny based on morphological characters
Pola, Marta; Gosliner, Terrence M.
California Academy of Sciences, 875 Howard Street, San Francisco, 94103,
California, USA,
Email: mpolaperez@calacademy.org; tgosliner@calacademy.org
The dendronotid family Bornellidae includes two genera: the genus Bornella (Gray, 1850) and the
monospecific genus Pseudobornella Baba, 1932. Some of the members of the genus Bornella are
known for having a unique swimming behaviour, but little is known about its systematics or the
position of this group in the phylogeny of Dendronotina.
To date 16 species have been described within the genus Bornella but nine of these are currently
regarded as synonyms of the type species B. stellifer (Adams & Reeve, 1848). Another species, B.
excepta Bergh, 1884 is considered as valid species but is known only from its original description.
Three new species of Bornella are described in this paper. Most species of the family are distributed
throughout the Indo-Pacific, except two species, B. calcarata Morch, 1863 and B. sarape Bertsch,
1980 that are known from the Western Atlantic and eastern Pacific, respectively. The species
Pseudobornella orientalis is known from Japan and also recorded from Philippines and China.
The review of the morphological variability within Dendronotina provides the basis for a preliminary
phylogenetic analysis of the group. Phylogenetic relationships of nudibranchs in the family
Bornellidae are presented based on a cladistic analysis of 59 morphological characters from ten
species of the family, four species of Dendronotus and eight more species of different families within
Dendronotina. Members of the family Tritoniidae are used as outgroup. This analysis indicates that
Bornellidae is monophyletic. The genus Dendronotus represents the sister group of Bornellidae.
Controlling slugs and snails – will hope triumph over experience?
Port, Gordon
School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK,
Email: Gordon.Port@newcastle.ac.uk
Over the last 50 years the most widely used control method for terrestrial slugs and snails has been
the use of molluscicide baits. Whilst these baits often produce results they are far less effective than
pesticides used against other pest groups. A major difficulty with baits is ensuring that the pest makes
contact with the bait and this is affected by behavioural and environmental factors. Ways of
maximising the efficacy of molluscicide baits will be discussed.
New chemical products and other means of controlling slugs and snails are frequently described. The
opportunities for exploiting these new approaches and some of the constraints preventing their
commercialisation will be reviewed.
A range of biological and ecologically based controls are available for slugs and snails, but are not
always used, often because commercial factors influence pest control decisions. Approaches for
integrating a range of control methods for improved management of mollusc pests will be described.
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