SEXUAL ABUSE AND EXPLOITATION OF BOYS IN SOUTH ASIA A ...

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give up their ‘freedom’ and enter shelters, which they equate with prisons. In response, some state governments and municipal corporations have established open-access night shelters and drop-in services for boys. The Pune and Kolkata Municipal Corporations provide shelter and drop-in services for boys living on the street. Similarly, the Department of Education, Government of Delhi, in association with the NGO Centre for Equity Studies, has a project to refurbish government schools and other buildings to accommodate children living on the street. However, due to resource and personnel constraints, services such as counselling and crisis response for sexual abuse are limited. In India, the bulk of open-access night shelters and drop-in services for boys are operated by NGOs. The quality of care varies widely. As mentioned above, many operate in relative isolation. Most NGO facilities appear able to provide adequate physical protection, nutrition and shelter as well as adequate referral to medical care, including for HIV/AIDS. However, counselling, crisis response, preventive education and children’s participation in shelter activities are generally inadequate, despite the fact that model programmes and training facilities exist throughout the country. 5.4.7.3 Psychosocial care India excels in the quality of its psychosocial counselling training and practice, although most activities are provided by a few urban organizations and training institutions and are insufficiently spread throughout the country. Services focus on the sexual abuse and exploitation of girls and women and the psychological needs of adult survivors. The National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience in Bangalore provides psychiatric care for girls, boys and adults who have been sexually abused. It conducts training, counselling and awareness and prevention programmes on child sexual abuse, as well as gender sensitization and masculinity programmes. The Centre for the Prevention and Healing of Child Sexual Abuse in Chennai provides counselling and therapy to survivors of child sexual abuse. Saarthak, a counselling centre aligned with the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals in Delhi, provides counselling to adult male survivors of sexual abuse. Saarthak has developed comprehensive training manuals on counselling and psychosocial care. The Ministry of Women and Child Development, in collaboration with the National Institute of Public Co-operation and Child Development and UNICEF, has developed the Manual on Counselling Services for Child Survivors of Trafficking. However, few counselling training programmes are designed to address the needs of boys, and few professionally trained counsellors are available to boys at the street level, except those working on HIV/AIDS. Throughout India’s major cities, HIV/AIDS counsellors work with vulnerable boys, primarily those having sex with males and those engaged in prostitution. The Naz Foundation (India) Trust is dedicated to reducing the risks of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections for boys and men (as well as girls and women). It conducts awareness and empowerment programmes for boys and men of alternative sexual identities. The Foundation also supports NGOs across the country that address the needs and issues of men having sex with men. HIV/AIDS preventive awareness activities include sexual 86
negotiation and protection from sexual abuse. The transference of the skills and experience of the Naz Foundation and similar HIV/AIDS-related organizations would benefit government and civil society organizations that address vulnerable boys from trafficking, child labour or sexual abuse perspectives. 87
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UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre In
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UNICEF INNOCENTI RESEARCH CENTRE Th
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Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of Bo
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Contents 1. INTRODUCTION...........
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INTRODUCTION Across South Asia and
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1.2 Definitions While acknowledging
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oys in the home, community, institu
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general, adolescent girls are thoug
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accountable for their actions, blam
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sexual abuse is reported to be prev
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abuse. 49 Death and abduction of pa
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eaches puberty. Such boys may be at
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knowledge of the intermediate situa
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2.0 SOUTH ASIA OVERVIEW 2.1 Researc
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have long experience working with a
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exploitation. The legal definition
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Afghanistan’s National Plan of Ac
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strengthen family and community pro
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constraints with the intention of i
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3.0 COUNTRY PROFILE: AFGHANISTAN 3.
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Afghanistan. Traditionally, boys ar
Page 43 and 44: unravel from cases of children sent
Page 45 and 46: well as the ‘violation of chastit
Page 47 and 48: Social Affairs, Martyrs and Disable
Page 49 and 50: orders. Data collection on the Paki
Page 51 and 52: trafficked or abused children are l
Page 53 and 54: 4.0 COUNTRY PROFILE: BANGLADESH 4.1
Page 55 and 56: concerning level of child sexual ab
Page 57 and 58: As elsewhere in the world, certain
Page 59 and 60: female children in prostitution are
Page 61 and 62: control the areas where the boys wo
Page 63 and 64: In general, the country’s legisla
Page 65 and 66: children from the sexual violence i
Page 67 and 68: NPA was facilitated by an advisory
Page 69 and 70: 4.4 Programme Responses 4.4.1 Child
Page 71 and 72: children living on the street. In i
Page 73 and 74: 4.4.7 Addressing exploitation in tr
Page 75 and 76: 5.0 COUNTRY PROFILE: INDIA 5.1 Rese
Page 77 and 78: living on the street or on boys sex
Page 79 and 80: times, these traditions have eroded
Page 81 and 82: interviewed in the study stated tha
Page 83 and 84: The Immoral Traffic Prevention Act
Page 85 and 86: assault’, which covers additional
Page 87 and 88: esidences with persons not related
Page 89 and 90: institutions. However, the NPAC has
Page 91 and 92: The Sangath Centre for Child Develo
Page 93: tourism operators, including airlin
Page 97 and 98: 6.1.2 Knowledge base The knowledge
Page 99 and 100: the boys and one-quarter of the gir
Page 101 and 102: situations such as domestic labour
Page 103 and 104: fondling. 285 While an ‘unnatural
Page 105 and 106: person “shall be deemed to have c
Page 107 and 108: The NPA does not address linkages b
Page 109 and 110: programmes on child rights and chil
Page 111 and 112: The Youth Club in Narayangadh provi
Page 113 and 114: etween males is socially tolerated.
Page 115 and 116: men. Boys cannot get pregnant and a
Page 117 and 118: The extent to which children are ap
Page 119 and 120: Children living on the street the w
Page 121 and 122: Amendment) Act 2006; and the Pakist
Page 123 and 124: woman or animal…’ 354 However,
Page 125 and 126: punishment. 363 The Trafficking Ord
Page 127 and 128: The trafficking NPA is consistent w
Page 129 and 130: LHRLA’s Madadgaar programme raise
Page 131 and 132: children (Nigehban) in divisional h
Page 133 and 134: 8.0 COUNTRY PROFILE: SRI LANKA 377
Page 135 and 136: The development community in Sri La
Page 137 and 138: women. 397 For this reason, prostit
Page 139 and 140: Unlike other countries in South Asi
Page 141 and 142: however, face deep stigma if they a
Page 143 and 144: Section 365(a) of PCA 1995 forbids
Page 145 and 146:
an offense to allow a child to ‘r
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destination. Thus the law includes
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addition, except for local coordina
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dangers of sexual abuse and the pen
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8.4.8.2 Safe shelter and crisis res
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identify signs of child sexual abus
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9.1 Research Prioritize research ac
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• Work to harmonize national laws
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• There should be mechanisms in p
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• Develop interventions to addres
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Boyden, J. and de Berry, J. et al.,
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Agency Coordinating Body for Afghan
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UNICEF Bangladesh (Kabir, R.), 2002
Page 171 and 172:
International Labour Organization a
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World Organisation Against Torture,
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