SEXUAL ABUSE AND EXPLOITATION OF BOYS IN SOUTH ASIA A ...
SEXUAL ABUSE AND EXPLOITATION OF BOYS IN SOUTH ASIA A ... SEXUAL ABUSE AND EXPLOITATION OF BOYS IN SOUTH ASIA A ...
operation of 435 Shikshalaya (children’s) centres providing formal education for 26,000 children, as well as dozens of ‘schools on the street’ for children living on the street. Sanlaap operates drop-in centres in red-light districts of Kolkata, providing education and awareness-raising to vulnerable girls and boys. Praajak conducts outreach for boys in government homes, providing counselling, awareness training and other services to boys confined in institutions. Childline in Kolkata responds to requests from boys and girls throughout the city and neighbouring rural areas, providing telephone counselling, referring children to services (often at the above-named organizations) for health and legal problems, and physical, psychological and sexual abuse. Unlike most other cities in India, in Kolkata NGOs and government are well linked. They exchange ideas and skills and provide complementary forms of outreach services to vulnerable boys. 5.4.5 Addressing exploitation in pornography There is little documentation of interventions to address pornography and child sexual abusive material in India. Few offences have been registered under existing laws anywhere in the country. 252 Overall, government and civil society organizations equate the production of pornography almost exclusively with foreign travelling sex offenders, and this attitude is reflected in research. 253 The NGO NetSafety has established a website to educate parents on the impact of online pornography on children. 254 It provides tips on how to prevent children’s access to pornography. It also publishes email addresses of police in Delhi, Chandigarh and other cities so parents may contact police if their children are solicited over the Internet. Microsoft has been working with the International Centre for Missing and Exploited Children and Interpol to help fight online child abuse in India. 255 These organizations are training Indian law enforcement agencies, such as the Central Bureau of Investigation, in technologies, tools and procedures for countering online child pornography and other cyber crimes against children. A pilot training programme has been conducted for the Bureau and the police in Kerala, and the Centre plans to extend the programme to other states. The programme works to mobilize financial institutions worldwide, including credit card companies, to develop a system that will monitor and report online commercial transactions involving crimes against children. Microsoft also plans to work with NGOs and other agencies to educate parents and children about the risks to children on the Internet. 5.4.6 Addressing exploitation in travel and tourism In response to the growth of tourism for sexual exploitation of children, organizations in Mumbai and Goa have developed a Code of Conduct to Protect Children from Sexual Exploitation in Travel and Tourism. They have encouraged local, national and international 252 ECPAT International and Plan International, 2004, ‘Report on laws and legal procedures concerning the commercial sexual exploitation of children in India’. 253 National Human Rights Commission, UNIFEM and Institute of Social Sciences, 2004, ‘A report on trafficking in women and children in India 2002-2003’. 254 NetSafety 255 (accessed 12 October 2008) 84
tourism operators, including airline companies, to promote the code. In 2006, awareness sessions on the code and on sexual exploitation in tourism were provided in Goa for major Indian travel and tourism operators. 5.4.7 Responses to sexual abuse and exploitation 5.4.7.1 Children’s reporting of abuse In the last several years, 24-hour helplines for children in distress have been established in more than 80 cities and towns across India. The Childline system, supported by Childline India Foundation and Child Helpline International, is intended to be part of the government’s Integrated Child Protection Scheme. Local organizations across the country collaborate with Childline, housing the telephone response counsellors in their offices and shelters. Children report injuries, health problems, legal concerns and physical, psychological and sexual abuse. Similarly, families who have lost children can seek help in 40 cities across the country through a missing child website (www.missingchildsearch.net). Reports of missing children are monitored by child welfare organizations throughout India. The website was launched by the Don Bosco National Forum for Youth at Risk, in association with UNICEF. The Forum extends services to hundreds of children who are victims of war, conflict, natural calamities, sexual exploitation, trafficking and HIV/AIDS. It also provides outreach services, drop-in centres and safe night shelter for children living on the street. Don Bosco is also a partner in Childline India Foundation. 5.4.7.2 Safe shelter and crisis response India has a multitude of shelters for children operated both by NGOs and by government agencies. The great majority of shelters are for women and girls. The Juvenile Justice Act provides for the establishment of children’s homes and drop-in centres in every state, to be operated by state government in collaboration with designated NGOs. However, the majority of such homes are for girls, and boys are usually placed in government remand institutions. Few drop-in centres have been established under the Act. The Ministry of Women and Child Development has established a number of schemes to prevent sexual exploitation and provide rehabilitation services for women and girls removed from prostitution. These include Swadhar Homes and Short Stay Homes (Character Improvement Homes); Kishori Shakti Yojana (Adolescent Girls Empowerment Scheme) and Balika Smiriddhi Yojana (Girls Child Welfare Scheme). They are intended to change family and community attitudes about girls and promote income-generation. All of these schemes exclude boys. Ujjawala, a comprehensive scheme for prevention, rescue, rehabilitation and reintegration of trafficking victims, does not explicitly exclude boys, but is directed primarily at girls. State-operated shelters and ‘vocational training centres’ for boys are found in all major cities, but the quality and scope of care are limited. However, most boys who are vulnerable to sexual abuse and exploitation, such as children living or working on the street, are reluctant to 85
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operation of 435 Shikshalaya (children’s) centres providing formal education for 26,000<br />
children, as well as dozens of ‘schools on the street’ for children living on the street.<br />
Sanlaap operates drop-in centres in red-light districts of Kolkata, providing education and<br />
awareness-raising to vulnerable girls and boys. Praajak conducts outreach for boys in<br />
government homes, providing counselling, awareness training and other services to boys<br />
confined in institutions. Childline in Kolkata responds to requests from boys and girls<br />
throughout the city and neighbouring rural areas, providing telephone counselling, referring<br />
children to services (often at the above-named organizations) for health and legal problems,<br />
and physical, psychological and sexual abuse. Unlike most other cities in India, in Kolkata<br />
NGOs and government are well linked. They exchange ideas and skills and provide<br />
complementary forms of outreach services to vulnerable boys.<br />
5.4.5 Addressing exploitation in pornography<br />
There is little documentation of interventions to address pornography and child sexual<br />
abusive material in India. Few offences have been registered under existing laws anywhere in<br />
the country. 252 Overall, government and civil society organizations equate the production of<br />
pornography almost exclusively with foreign travelling sex offenders, and this attitude is<br />
reflected in research. 253 The NGO NetSafety has established a website to educate parents on<br />
the impact of online pornography on children. 254 It provides tips on how to prevent children’s<br />
access to pornography. It also publishes email addresses of police in Delhi, Chandigarh and<br />
other cities so parents may contact police if their children are solicited over the Internet.<br />
Microsoft has been working with the International Centre for Missing and Exploited Children<br />
and Interpol to help fight online child abuse in India. 255 These organizations are training<br />
Indian law enforcement agencies, such as the Central Bureau of Investigation, in<br />
technologies, tools and procedures for countering online child pornography and other cyber<br />
crimes against children. A pilot training programme has been conducted for the Bureau and<br />
the police in Kerala, and the Centre plans to extend the programme to other states. The<br />
programme works to mobilize financial institutions worldwide, including credit card<br />
companies, to develop a system that will monitor and report online commercial transactions<br />
involving crimes against children. Microsoft also plans to work with NGOs and other<br />
agencies to educate parents and children about the risks to children on the Internet.<br />
5.4.6 Addressing exploitation in travel and tourism<br />
In response to the growth of tourism for sexual exploitation of children, organizations in<br />
Mumbai and Goa have developed a Code of Conduct to Protect Children from Sexual<br />
Exploitation in Travel and Tourism. They have encouraged local, national and international<br />
252<br />
ECPAT International and Plan International, 2004, ‘Report on laws and legal procedures concerning the<br />
commercial sexual exploitation of children in India’.<br />
253<br />
National Human Rights Commission, UNIFEM and Institute of Social Sciences, 2004, ‘A report on<br />
trafficking in women and children in India 2002-2003’.<br />
254<br />
NetSafety <br />
255<br />
(accessed 12 October 2008)<br />
84