SEXUAL ABUSE AND EXPLOITATION OF BOYS IN SOUTH ASIA A ...

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Munir, S., 2004, ‘Report for the rapid assessment on trafficking in children for labour and sexual exploitation in Pakistan’, Karachi (no publisher noted). Pakistan Paediatric Association and Save the Children Sweden, 2001, ‘Exposure to pornography in Internet cafés’, Peshawar, Pakistan Paediatric Association. Pakistan Paediatric Association and Save the Children Sweden, 2000, ‘Confronting reality: Sexual exploitation and abuse of children in Pakistan: A situation analysis’, Peshawar, Pakistan Paediatric Association. Pakistan Paediatric Association and UNICEF Pakistan, 2002, ‘Protection assessment among refugees and host communities in major urban areas of Pakistan’, Peshawar, Pakistan Paediatric Association. Pakistan Voluntary Health and Nutrition Association and Azad Foundation, 2004, KABPS study for street children in Karachi’, Karachi, PAVHNA. Pakistan Voluntary Health and Nutrition Association, 2000, ‘Adolescent reproductive and sexual health: An exploration of trends in Pakistan’, Karachi, PAVHNA. Policy Project, 2003, ‘Adolescent and youth reproductive health in Pakistan: Status, policies, programmes and issues’, Washington, D.C., Policy Project. Population Council (V. Durant), 2000, ‘Adolescent girls and boys in Pakistan: Opportunities and constraints in the transition to adulthood’, Islamabad, Population Council Pakistan Office. Rozan, Aangan Programme, 1999, ‘Transforming childhood’, Islamabad, Rozan. Sahil, 1998, ‘Child sexual abuse and exploitation in Pakistan’, Islamabad, Sahil. Sahil, 2004, ‘The other side of childhood: Male child prostitution at a bus stand in Pakistan’, Islamabad, Sahil. Save the Children Sweden Peshawar and Pakistan Paediatric Association, 2003, ‘Extent of child abuse in Pakistan’, Peshawar, Save the Children Sweden Peshawar. Society for the Protection of the Rights of the Child, 1998, ‘Children in danger: The sexual abuse of children’, Islamabad, SPARC. South Asia Partnership Pakistan, 2001, ‘South Asian review of the commercial sexual exploitation of children’, Kathmandu, UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia. UNICEF and Raasta Development Consultants, 2004, ‘Child protection documentation’, Islamabad, UNICEF. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Government of Japan and Pakistan National Commission on Child Welfare and Development, 2001, ‘Sexually abused and sexually exploited children and youth in Pakistan: A qualitative assessment of their health needs and available services in selected provinces’, Bangkok, UNESCAP. United Nations Economic and Social Council and UNICEF, 2008, ‘Short-duration country programme document: Islamic Republic of Pakistan’, New York, UNICEF. Working Group against Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation and Save the Children Sweden, 2005, ‘Commercial sexual exploitation of children: A situation analysis of Pakistan’, Peshawar, Pakistan, Save the Children Sweden. 164
World Organisation Against Torture, 2003, ‘Rights of the child in Pakistan: Report on the implementation of the convention on the rights of the child by Pakistan’, Geneva, OMTC. Sri Lanka de Silva, H., 2000, ‘Child Abuse in Sri Lanka’, in Partners in the Judicial Process on Child Labour, Colombo, Ministry of Justice. ECPAT International and South Asia Partnership International, 2003, ‘A situational analysis of child sex tourism in Sri Lanka (Negombo, Colombo, Mt. Lavinia, Hikkaduwa, Galle, Anuradhapura and Trincomalee)’, Bangkok, ECPAT International. Frederick, J., 2000, ‘Teaching the boys hard skills: The Don Bosco Technical Centre’ in Frederick, J. (ed.), ‘Fallen Angels: The sex workers of South Asia’, New Delhi, Roli Books. Goonesekara, S. and Wanasundare, L., 1998, ‘Commercial sexual exploitation of children in Sri Lanka’, Colombo, Centre for Women’s Research. International Labour Organization (S. Amarasinghe), 2002, ‘Sri Lanka: The commercial sexual exploitation of children: A rapid assessment’, Geneva, ILO-IPEC. Lawyers for Human Rights and Development, 2000, ‘Child abuse and the law: A review of the law and legal processes’, Colombo, LHRD. National Child Protection Authority, 2003, ‘Many children still abused and neglected in Sri Lanka’ . PEACE (Seneviratne, M.), 1995, ‘The sexual exploitation of children in Sri Lanka’, Colombo, PEACE Publications. Sri Lanka Tourist Board and MG Consultants, 2007, ‘Knowledge, attitudes and practices of school children and their parents in relation to child sex tourism: Final report’, Colombo, MG Consultants. Sri Lanka Tourist Board and MG Consultants, 2007, ‘Knowledge, attitudes and practices of local and international tourists in relation to commercial sexual exploitation of children in tourism: Final report’, Colombo, MG Consultants. Weeramunda, A.J., 1994, ‘Child Prostitution or Poverty’ in Economic Review, May-June 1994, Colombo, Research Department, People’s Bank. Zulfi, A., 2007, ‘Issues of child trafficking in Eastern Sri Lanka: A case study of Batticaloa District’ (thesis submitted to the University of Colombo), Colombo, University of Colombo. 165
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UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre In
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UNICEF INNOCENTI RESEARCH CENTRE Th
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Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of Bo
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Contents 1. INTRODUCTION...........
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INTRODUCTION Across South Asia and
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1.2 Definitions While acknowledging
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oys in the home, community, institu
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general, adolescent girls are thoug
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accountable for their actions, blam
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sexual abuse is reported to be prev
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abuse. 49 Death and abduction of pa
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eaches puberty. Such boys may be at
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knowledge of the intermediate situa
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2.0 SOUTH ASIA OVERVIEW 2.1 Researc
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have long experience working with a
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exploitation. The legal definition
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Afghanistan’s National Plan of Ac
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strengthen family and community pro
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constraints with the intention of i
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3.0 COUNTRY PROFILE: AFGHANISTAN 3.
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Afghanistan. Traditionally, boys ar
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unravel from cases of children sent
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well as the ‘violation of chastit
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Social Affairs, Martyrs and Disable
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orders. Data collection on the Paki
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trafficked or abused children are l
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4.0 COUNTRY PROFILE: BANGLADESH 4.1
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concerning level of child sexual ab
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As elsewhere in the world, certain
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female children in prostitution are
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control the areas where the boys wo
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In general, the country’s legisla
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children from the sexual violence i
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NPA was facilitated by an advisory
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4.4 Programme Responses 4.4.1 Child
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children living on the street. In i
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4.4.7 Addressing exploitation in tr
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5.0 COUNTRY PROFILE: INDIA 5.1 Rese
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living on the street or on boys sex
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times, these traditions have eroded
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interviewed in the study stated tha
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The Immoral Traffic Prevention Act
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assault’, which covers additional
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esidences with persons not related
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institutions. However, the NPAC has
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The Sangath Centre for Child Develo
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tourism operators, including airlin
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negotiation and protection from sex
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6.1.2 Knowledge base The knowledge
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the boys and one-quarter of the gir
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situations such as domestic labour
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fondling. 285 While an ‘unnatural
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person “shall be deemed to have c
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The NPA does not address linkages b
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programmes on child rights and chil
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The Youth Club in Narayangadh provi
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etween males is socially tolerated.
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men. Boys cannot get pregnant and a
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The extent to which children are ap
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Children living on the street the w
Page 121 and 122: Amendment) Act 2006; and the Pakist
Page 123 and 124: woman or animal…’ 354 However,
Page 125 and 126: punishment. 363 The Trafficking Ord
Page 127 and 128: The trafficking NPA is consistent w
Page 129 and 130: LHRLA’s Madadgaar programme raise
Page 131 and 132: children (Nigehban) in divisional h
Page 133 and 134: 8.0 COUNTRY PROFILE: SRI LANKA 377
Page 135 and 136: The development community in Sri La
Page 137 and 138: women. 397 For this reason, prostit
Page 139 and 140: Unlike other countries in South Asi
Page 141 and 142: however, face deep stigma if they a
Page 143 and 144: Section 365(a) of PCA 1995 forbids
Page 145 and 146: an offense to allow a child to ‘r
Page 147 and 148: destination. Thus the law includes
Page 149 and 150: addition, except for local coordina
Page 151 and 152: dangers of sexual abuse and the pen
Page 153 and 154: 8.4.8.2 Safe shelter and crisis res
Page 155 and 156: identify signs of child sexual abus
Page 157 and 158: 9.1 Research Prioritize research ac
Page 159 and 160: • Work to harmonize national laws
Page 161 and 162: • There should be mechanisms in p
Page 163 and 164: • Develop interventions to addres
Page 165 and 166: Boyden, J. and de Berry, J. et al.,
Page 167 and 168: Agency Coordinating Body for Afghan
Page 169 and 170: UNICEF Bangladesh (Kabir, R.), 2002
Page 171: International Labour Organization a
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